In winter, the cold climate and shorter daylight hours make it the most challenging season for duck farming. However, with proper management, laying hens can maintain an egg production rate of 80% or higher. Here are the key strategies to ensure optimal performance during this time.
First, reorganize the flock by removing weak, sick, or low-producing ducks. This helps reduce mortality and feed waste. Second, regulate the temperature inside the shed. Keeping it above 5°C at night is crucial for maintaining high egg production. After feeding, close the sheds and wrap them with straw or wheat stalks. Covering the roof with at least 5 cm of grass provides extra insulation.
Third, lay thick bedding in the nesting areas. Use clean, soft straw about 30 cm thick. Replace old bedding with fresh material daily to keep the nests comfortable and warm. This not only keeps ducks cozy but also saves labor over time.
Fourth, ensure adequate nutrition. Ducks need more energy in winter, so increase corn and other energy-rich feeds by 10–15% compared to summer. Provide enough green feed or supplement vitamins A, D, and E. Adding 3–5% fat to their diet, along with chopped vegetables like cabbage or radishes once a day, can boost health and productivity.
Fifth, offer warm feed at night. This helps ducks stay warm and improves egg production by over 10%. Make sure the water is warm (around 38°C) and avoid overfeeding protein at night—focus on high-energy foods instead.
Sixth, provide hot drinks. Warm water is essential for maintaining body heat. Always use warm water for both drinking and mixing feed. Avoid icy water, which can stress the ducks.
Seventh, add artificial lighting. With less natural light, ducks may experience reduced egg production. Aim for at least 16 hours of light per day. Install 1–60 watt bulbs every 30 square meters, positioned 2 meters above the ducks’ backs with a shade. This has been shown to increase egg output by up to 20%.
Eighth, allow swimming sessions. In winter, ducks should swim 1–2 times daily, preferably at midday when temperatures are milder. Before releasing them, gradually adjust the indoor and outdoor temperatures to prevent shock. Only let them swim if the weather is mild; avoid it if temperatures drop below -5°C.
Ninth, maintain a high stocking density. Keeping 8–9 ducks per square meter helps them stay warm through natural body heat.
Lastly, focus on disease prevention. Keep the house clean, remove waste regularly, and ensure good ventilation during the day. Isolate any sick ducks immediately and disinfect the area to prevent spread.
By following these practices, farmers can successfully manage their duck flocks through the winter months, ensuring continued productivity and health.
(054300 Lincheng County, Hebei Province, 118 mailboxes)
Excerpted from: "Agricultural Technology Service" 2006.11
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