Cedrus deodara, commonly known as the Himalayan cedar, is one of the most admired ornamental trees globally. With its tall, straight trunk and elegant shape, it plays a significant role in landscape design. Traditionally, cedar propagation has relied on seedlings, but this method faces limitations due to a lack of reliable provenance. To meet growing market demand, cutting propagation has become an effective alternative. Here's a detailed guide on how to successfully propagate Cedrus deodara through cuttings:
First, prepare the cutting bed. Construct a raised bed using bricks, orienting it east-west for optimal light exposure. The bed should be 50 cm high and 1.5 m wide, with length adjusted based on the number of cuttings. At the base of the bed, lay tiles and leave ventilation holes beneath the bricks. Then add a 20 cm layer of pebbles followed by 20 cm of clean river sand. The sand must be sieved, washed, and disinfected with a 1% potassium permanganate solution to ensure a healthy medium.
The best time to take cuttings is just before the cedar starts sprouting, typically during mid-March. When selecting cuttings, the age of the mother tree and the branches is crucial. Younger trees and branches tend to have higher viability and survival rates. It’s best to choose thick, strong branches from 1- to 2-year-old shoots on a sturdy 3- to 5-year-old sapling. If using older trees, select one-year-old shoots with active apical buds from the upper middle part of the crown, as these have a better chance of rooting.
Before planting, if you're working with seeds, note that they have a waxy coating that hinders water absorption and contains inhibitors that make germination difficult. Soak the seeds in warm water (around 40°C) and change the water daily. Gently agitate the seeds during soaking to remove the wax and inhibitory substances. After several days, when the seeds begin to split and show white, they are ready to sow. This process can increase the germination rate to over 95%.
For cuttings, collect them on a cool, cloudy day without wind or morning dew. Cut each stem to about 15 cm in length, trimming the base smoothly and removing secondary branches. Dip the cut ends into a 500 ppm naphthaleneacetic acid solution for 5 seconds, then proceed with planting.
Insert the cuttings vertically into the bed, ensuring a depth of 6–8 cm. Arrange them at intervals of 5 cm x 10 cm for efficient space use. Water the cuttings immediately after planting to reduce moisture loss and help them establish quickly.
After planting, provide shade to protect the cuttings from direct sunlight. By May, consider using double shading curtains if temperatures rise. Wind barriers may also be necessary in exposed areas. Once roots develop, gradually acclimate the cuttings to more light. Remove the shade entirely once autumn begins.
Maintain consistent moisture in the sand and keep air humidity above 70%. During sunny days, mist the cuttings in the morning and evening. On cloudy days, reduce the frequency. After rooting, slowly decrease watering to prevent root rot.
Ensure proper drainage by covering the bed with plastic sheeting during heavy rains. Root formation usually occurs within 30–40 days, with full rooting taking about 70 days. By 100 days, a large number of roots will have developed. At this point, transplant the rooted cuttings into pots filled with a mix of potting soil and a small amount of ferrous sulfate. Unrooted cuttings can be reinserted into the bed for further growth. After 10–15 days, gradually expose them to more light and transition to normal care. A second transplant into pots can occur in early September.
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Frozen squid tentacles are the arms or tentacles of a squid that have been frozen for preservation. Squid tentacles are commonly used in cooking and are popular in many cuisines around the world. They can be grilled, fried, sautéed, or used in soups and stews. Frozen squid tentacles are convenient to use as they can be stored in the freezer for an extended period and can be thawed and cooked as needed. They are also a good source of protein and low in fat, making them a healthy addition to any meal.
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