**Agricultural Machinery Field Operation Quality Standards**
*Heilongjiang Provincial Technical Supervision Bureau released*
**Foreword**
This standard is designed to strengthen the quality management of agricultural machinery operations in the field, ensuring that agricultural technologies are implemented correctly. It is formulated in accordance with the "Regulations of Heilongjiang Province Agricultural Machinery Management" and the local standards of Heilongjiang Province. The development and publication of this standard are essential for the advancement of agricultural machinery technology, the marketization of agricultural services, and the standardization of machinery operations.
As a technical basis for measuring and regulating the quality of field agricultural machinery operations, this standard outlines 20 operational items related to mechanized tillage and tube collection, along with 13 methods for quality inspection detailed in the appendix. The standard features clear quality requirements, quantified indicators, and simple procedures, making it easy for operators and inspectors to implement and understand.
Based on GB/T 1.1-1993, this document follows the guidelines for drafting and presenting standards. Proposed by the Standardization Technical Committee of Agricultural Machinery in Heilongjiang Province, it is under the jurisdiction of the Heilongjiang Provincial Agricultural Machinery Administration. The standard was drafted by the Heilongjiang Provincial Institute of Agricultural Machinery and the Heilongjiang Agricultural Machinery Bureau, and it is interpreted by the Heilongjiang Institute of Agricultural Machinery.
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**Scope**
This standard specifies the quality indicators and corresponding testing methods for 20 operational items, including mechanized tillage and tube collection. It applies to the quality inspection of mechanized tillage and harvesting in Heilongjiang Province and serves as a reference for dispute resolution in quality arbitration.
**Job Quality Requirements**
**2.1 Floor-Turning Operation**
Applicable for undulating operations on wheat, barley, flax, corn, rice, sorghum, millet, grains, and vegetable fields in autumn and spring.
- **Depth of cultivation**: Autumn plowing depth 16–22 cm; spring plowing depth >14 cm. Depth error ≤1.5 cm.
- **Straightness**: 100 meters straightness ≤15 cm.
- **Coverage**: Return rate <5%, weed coverage >90%.
- **Ground flatness**: Surface roughness within 10 cm length ≤10 cm.
- **No ploughing or recultivation**: Recultivation rate ≤2%.
**2.2 Deep Loosening Operation**
For deep soil loosening, deep ridge plowing, and other loose soil operations.
- **Depth**: 20–25 cm. Super deep plowing ≥30 cm, with depth error per row ≤2 cm.
- **Line spacing**: 30–50 cm, spacing error ≤2 cm.
**2.3 Raking Operation**
Suitable for shallow soil cultivation of soybeans and wheat where the base is deep plowed or loosened.
- **Depth**: 14–16 cm, error ≤1 cm.
- **Surface smoothness**: No significant ridge and furrow differences.
**2.4 Rotary Tilling and Stubble Removal**
For shallow tilling in soft fields or paddy fields after previous deep plowing.
- **Depth**: Autumn 12–15 cm, spring 8–10 cm.
- **Soil fragmentation**: Clod size per square meter ≤5 pieces.
**2.5 Ridge Formation Operation**
For various ridge formation and deep loosening.
- **Ridge straightness**: 50 m length error ≤5 cm.
- **Ridge uniformity**: Error ≤2 cm.
**2.6 Cultivation and Soil Preparation**
For shallow surface preparation after floor turning.
- **Depth**: Light raking 8–10 cm, heavy raking 14–16 cm.
- **Soil fine**: Clod size per square meter ≤5.
**2.7 Pressing Operation**
For flat and ridge pressing before and after sowing.
- **Soil compaction**: 10 cm depth bulk density 0.9–1.1 g/cm³.
**2.8 Combined Tillage and Soil Preparation**
Includes rotary tilling, deep loosening, fertilization, ridging, and pressing. All follow relevant quality standards.
**2.9 Deep Fertilization Operation**
For deep fertilization before sowing, sowing and fertilization combination, and rice fertilization.
- **Fertilizer depth**: 8–12 cm, uniform.
- **Row width**: 1.5 cm error.
- **Covering**: 100% coverage.
**2.10 Sowing Operation**
For mechanical precision sowing of soybeans, corn, sorghum, millet, and wheat.
- **Sowing accuracy**: Single-grain equidistant, distance error ≤2 cm.
- **Soil cover**: 6 cm depth density 1.2–1.3 g/cm³.
**2.11 Planting Operation**
For mechanical planting of tobacco seedlings and beet tubers.
- **Plant spacing**: Error ≤3%.
- **Soil cover**: Thickness consistent, no damage to seedlings.
**2.12 Rice Transplanting**
For mechanical transplanting of rice seedlings.
- **Line spacing**: Error ≤1 cm.
- **Missing holes**: ≤3%.
**2.13 Plastic Film Covering**
For covering of corn, sugar beets, tobacco, and vegetables.
- **Film quality**: No wrinkles, no fractures.
- **Width and thickness**: 10 cm width, 5 cm thickness.
**2.14 Weeding and Cultivation**
For sod mowing and weeding.
- **Weed control**: Grass-killing rate >80%.
- **Injury rate**: ≤2%.
**2.15 Topdressing and Cultivation**
For mid-season cultivation, weeding, and topdressing.
- **Cultivation depth**: First 15 cm, second 10–12 cm.
- **Weeding rate**: >95%.
**2.16 Spraying Operation**
For chemical weed control, pest control, and leaf spraying.
- **Spray accuracy**: Error ≤5%.
- **Atomization**: Droplet diameter 1–3.5 mm.
**2.17 Sprinkler Irrigation**
For sprinkling irrigation of wheat, soybeans, and corn.
- **Water volume**: 10–40 mm depending on growth stage.
- **Spray evenness**: ≥85%.
**2.18 Staged Harvesting**
For wheat, rice, soybeans, and corn ear harvesting.
- **Harvest timing**: Moisture content below 18% for grain.
- **Loss rate**: ≤1%.
**2.19 Combine Harvesting**
For joint harvesting of wheat, rice, soybeans, and corn.
- **Cutting height**: 10–15 cm.
- **Loss rate**: ≤3%.
**2.20 Stalk Crushing and Returning**
For returning wheat, corn stalks, and sorghum roots to the field.
- **Crushing length**: ≤12 cm, pass rate ≥90%.
- **Soil mixing**: ≥80% coverage.
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This comprehensive standard ensures consistency, efficiency, and quality in agricultural machinery operations across Heilongjiang Province, supporting sustainable farming practices and improved productivity.
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