Post-disaster repair and replanting techniques in cotton fields - mung bean planting techniques
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Mung bean sowing is highly flexible and serves as an excellent alternative crop for farmers. In the region along the Huaihe River, it can be broadcasted as late as early August. Here are some key cultivation techniques to ensure a successful harvest:
First, select early-maturing and high-yield varieties such as Green No. 4, Green No. 6, and Bright Green No. 3. These varieties are well-suited for the local climate and have proven performance in yield.
Second, apply base fertilizer. Although mung beans have nitrogen-fixing capabilities through rhizobia, adding manure, phosphorus, and potassium significantly boosts yield. A product like Shinongjiafei can be applied before planting and incorporated into the soil after sowing. If base fertilizer application is delayed, it's advisable to add some nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer during the branching and early flowering stages to support plant growth and enhance rhizobial nitrogen fixation.
Third, sow in the early morning to avoid heat stress and ensure even distribution. In disaster-affected areas, early sowing is crucial, and if planting is delayed, pre-soaking seeds with water before sowing can improve germination. It's also important to maintain the proper seeding rate. Mung bean seeds often contain about 10% hard or small seeds that may not germinate well, so it’s recommended to sieve the seeds before sowing. The typical seeding rate is between 1.5 to 2 kg per acre, with a sowing depth of 3 to 5 cm.
Fourth, implement effective field management practices. This includes thinning and pruning when the seedlings reach the two-leaf stage, and again when they have four leaves. The recommended spacing is 13 to 16 cm between plants and 40 cm between rows, resulting in approximately 1 to 1.25 million seedlings per acre. Regular weeding is essential from emergence to flowering, typically done at least four times, with shallow to deep cultivation and then back to shallow. Proper irrigation and drainage are critical during the flowering and podding stages, as this is when the plant requires the most water. If drought occurs, timely watering is necessary to keep the soil moist. However, during the rainy season, excess water can lead to excessive vegetative growth, flower drop, and poor pod development, so drainage must be managed effectively.
Fifth, ensure proper storage to prevent pest infestations. The mung bean weevil is a major threat, laying eggs on pods or tender stems. Larvae hatch and feed inside the pods. To control this, store beans in the sun for disinfection before placing them in a warehouse. Fumigation with 1.5 kg of sodium cyanide for 48 hours is highly effective and does not affect germination rates. For small quantities, boiling seeds for 20 minutes, drying them in the sun, and storing them in a sealed container can preserve quality for long periods.
By following these techniques, farmers can maximize mung bean yields while ensuring quality and minimizing losses due to pests and environmental factors.
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