Trichlorfon is an organophosphate insecticide known for its effectiveness and low residue. It appears as a white crystalline powder in its pure form, while industrial formulations come in various forms such as pale yellow-brown powders, off-white powders, or tan oily liquids. This broad-spectrum insecticide primarily acts through contact and ingestion, making it suitable for controlling a wide range of pests. It is considered to have low toxicity towards humans and livestock, but proper handling is still essential.
Available in several formulations, including 90% crystals, 2% powder, and 80% wettable powder, trichlorfon can be applied in different ways depending on the target pest and crop type. Here are some common applications:
1. **Agricultural Pest Control**:
- For crops like cotton, corn, and vegetables, apply 100–200 grams of 90% trichlorfon crystals per acre mixed with 50–100 kg of water. Alternatively, use 2% powdered trichlorfon to control pests such as bollworms, armyworms, cutworms, leafhoppers, rice leaf rollers, rice borers, planthoppers, and stem borers.
- To manage underground pests like wireworms and grubs, mix 500 grams of 90% trichlorfon crystals with 10 liters of water and seed dress 100 kg of seeds. Another method involves mixing the crystals with cooked cottonseed cake to create toxic baits.
2. **Vegetable Pest Control**:
- For vegetables, spray 80–100 grams of trichlorfon crystals per acre in 50 kg of water to effectively control cabbage caterpillars and diamondback moths.
3. **Livestock and Sanitary Pest Control**:
- Dilute 80% trichlorfon wettable powder at a ratio of 1:400 and use it to scrub the skin of cattle, horses, and sheep to eliminate external parasites.
- Mix 90% trichlorfon crystals at a 1:100 ratio with bait to control flies, such as houseflies and other nuisance insects.
**Important Safety Precautions**:
- Avoid using trichlorfon on sensitive crops like sorghum, beans, and corn, as it may cause phytotoxicity.
- Stop applying the insecticide 7–10 days before harvesting to ensure safety.
- After handling, rinse thoroughly with clean water. Do not use soap or alkaline water, as this may increase the chemical's toxicity.
- Always follow instructions from trained professionals when applying trichlorfon to livestock to ensure safe and effective use.
By following these guidelines, trichlorfon can be used safely and efficiently to manage pests across various agricultural and domestic settings.
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