Yuzhong City in Sichuan Province has been selected as one of the 51 county-level cities participating in the national demonstration and promotion project for rice mechanization and transplanting technology. This year’s implementation has brought up several key issues that require attention, and the following points are summarized for reference.
**I. Issues Identified**
(1) **Uneven Seedling Emergence**: The four demonstration sites used winter paddy fields for raising seedlings, mainly employing floppy disks with a small number of hard disks. They followed standard procedures and used dry, swollen, and bud valley methods to grow seedlings. However, on days 5 to 10 after sowing, the seedlings showed uneven growth, varying in color and thickness.
(2) **Seedling Damage During Transplanting**: After using the machine for transplanting, farmers reported many broken seedlings. This was primarily due to incomplete germination, excessive fertilization, rapid growth, inconsistent stem thickness, and overly long leaf blades.
(3) **Missing Seedlings in Pits**: A significant number of seedling pits were missing after transplanting, requiring extra effort from farmers to fill them. The main cause was the lack of manual sowing, combined with two cold spells before and after the Qingming Festival.
(4) **Extended Nursery Period**: The city started its nursery on March 27 and transplanted seedlings between April 28 and May 18, resulting in a total period of over 40 days, which is too long for optimal seedling health.
**II. Solutions Proposed**
(1) **Improving Uniformity of Seedling Emergence**: Comparing this year's results with last year's, it was found that dry field seedlings had better moisture control and more uniform emergence. It is recommended to focus on this method moving forward.
(2) **Reducing Seedling Damage**: To prevent damage during mechanical transplanting, it is essential to cultivate "dwarf, strong, and uniform" seedlings in accordance with the specifications for mechanical planting.
(3) **Minimizing Missing Pits**: Three key steps should be strictly followed when raising seedlings: first, selecting high-quality seeds and removing non-viable ones; second, sowing using a precision seeder, dividing the seeding rate into three to four portions (50%, 30%, 20%) with 10% pressing after each step; third, implementing effective pest control to avoid seedling death.
(4) **Optimizing Nursery Timing**: The seedling stage should be adjusted to ensure they do not exceed 40 days. It is advisable to avoid periods of cold weather around the Qingming Festival to maintain healthy seedlings and improve transplant success.
By addressing these challenges through improved practices and careful planning, Yuzhong City can enhance the effectiveness of its rice mechanization and transplanting programs, leading to better yields and sustainable agricultural development.
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