After wheat enters the green returning stage, its fertility characteristics undergo significant changes, and the temperature stage moves into a sensitive phase. At this point, the cold resistance of the seedlings decreases considerably. If exposed to sudden cold, the plants are highly susceptible to frost damage. To address this, following early spring wheat management, several effective frost protection methods can be applied:
1. **Soil scratching** is an essential practice during this period. By gently loosening the soil surface, it helps to aerate the soil, protect earthworms, improve warming, remove weeds, and enhance the wheat's ability to withstand cold. Observations show that after 7–10 days of regular soil scratching, the average ground temperature in the top 5 cm layer increases by 0.5–1°C during the day, which promotes root development and nutrient transformation. Whether the seedlings are weak or strong, close attention is required during the green returning phase. For fields with excessive growth, slight compression can help control excessive shoot growth. When performing soil scratching, it's important to maintain shallow and fine operations, and to push the debris to the edges. If compression is done before scratching, the soil will remain compact, which may hinder the effectiveness of the process.
2. **Field compression** during early spring helps to crush residue, close cracks, and ensure the roots make good contact with the soil, preventing cold air from damaging the seedlings. Additionally, compression has a lifting effect, increasing the moisture content on the soil surface, which helps alleviate cold stress and reduce frost injury.
3. **Early spring fertilization** plays a crucial role in replenishing soil nutrients lost during winter, boosting nutrient accumulation, and promoting healthy seedling growth, which in turn enhances the plant’s ability to resist early spring frosts. This is especially important in areas where temperatures remain relatively high during winter, causing continuous growth and higher nutrient consumption. Early spring fertilization should be done when the soil is still frozen but beginning to thaw, ensuring optimal nutrient absorption. It is generally recommended to avoid watering after fertilization, as it could lower the ground temperature and negatively affect seedling growth.
4. **Spraying paclobutrazol** during the green stage can also be beneficial. Applying a 200 ppm solution at a rate of 30–40 kg per mu helps suppress excessive seedling growth and improves cold tolerance, offering additional protection against frost damage.
These practices, when implemented correctly, can significantly improve the resilience of wheat crops during the vulnerable green returning stage.
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