Technical specification for cultivation of wheat by full-film soil-covered sowing
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1 Preparation before broadcast
1.1 Plot selection Choosing suitable soils such as Sichuan, Yunnan, terraces, ditch, and gentle slopes (15 or below) with deep soil and fertile soil is preferable.
1.2 After harvesting the crops after deep tillage and tillage, the crops shall be deep-harvested and matured, and the soil shall be matured. After receiving the rainfall, the crop shall be harvested.
1.3 Before fertilizing, combined with deep plowing, apply sufficient amount of farmyard manure and nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers to prevent later defertilization. Apply 4,000 m to 5000 kg of high-quality agricultural fertilizer per 667 m2, pure N 10 kg to 12 kg, and P2O5 8 kg to 10 kg.
1.4 Select good varieties to select drought-resistant, disease-resistant, high-quality and high-yield varieties, select seeds before sowing, maintain purity of 98%, and germination rate of 95%.
1.5 Choose a high-strength plastic film with a thickness of 0.008 mm to 0.01 mm, a width of 70 cm or 120 cm, and a dosage of 5 kg per 667m2.
1.6 Agricultural machinery In order to improve the quality and ergonomics of the laying of the film, the film is used to lay the film. There are two kinds of artificial and mechanical seedling machines. The artificial cave machine is easy to operate and suitable for popularization. The mechanical cave machine is suitable for the large terraces of Sichuan and Taiwan with high efficiency.
2 Filming, sowing
2.1 Film laying and filming are based on soil moisture conditions. When the moisture content of the tillage layer is between 130g/kg and 150g/kg, the side of the planting layer will be sown. When the moisture content of the cultivation layer is less than 130g/kg, the moisture content is poor. We must wait for rain robbers to advance the membrane and raise the earthworms to protect the earthworms. If the soil moisture is too high, we should plow till the land for 1-2 days. Then we must flatten the soil and lay the soil for further sowing to prevent the sowing holes from being blocked. When laying the film, the film surface needs to be flat so that the mulch film will adhere to the ground. At the same time, the film is covered with a thin layer of soil. The thickness of the covering layer may be determined according to the local weather conditions. If the sowing date is dry, no rain and overburden can be thick, the thickness of the earth covering should be about 1 ,, the overburden is too thin, the lamination film is not true, the holes can be misaligned, the wind can lift the film, and the plastic film can be aged; Easy to form, it is not easy to remove the remaining film.
2.2 The general sowing date of sowing date should be delayed by 15 to 20 days than the local sowing date of wheat.
2.3 Seeding method Single seedling sowing machine sowing in the same direction with the film sowing, can reduce the dislocation of the planting hole and pellicle hole and reduce the number of seedlings. That is, when the first two films on the two adjacent membranes are sown on the first membrane, they are sown on the second membrane, and on the second membrane, they are sown on the first membrane and come on the second membrane again. Species.
2.4 Seeding depth and density The sowing depth is generally 3-5. Density is about 30,000 acres per hole, 6-10 holes per hole. 70-inch wide plastic film 4 rows; 120-inch wide plastic film 7-8 rows. The distance between the holes is generally determined by the seeder specifications.
2.4 The sowing amount of mu is 9-10 kg.
3 Field Management
3.1 Seedling management film mulching wheat using sowing, if there is hole seedlings under the pressure film, should promptly put seedlings sealed. After the film is covered with a small amount of weeds, a plastic film is drilled to remove the grass.
3.2 Combine the management of pests in the middle and late stages, use potassium dihydrogen phosphate, multiple micronutrients, and urea for foliar top dressing, supplement nutrition, spray paclobutrazol and chlormequat early in the jointing period, prevent lodging, enhance drought resistance, promote grouting, increase grain weight ,Increase production.
3.3 Pest Control A wide range of wheat diseases and pests, stripe rust, powdery mildew, red and yellow dwarf disease, full-blown disease, wheat aphids, spider mites, Chinese sturgeons and underground pests occur throughout the year, a wide range of hazards, and timely prevention and treatment.
Wheat stripe rust can be sprayed with 12.5% ​​of licorice WP and 30-35 grams of WP, 25% of propiconazole (Kehui) 8-9 grams, or 20% of fenprotin EC of 45-60 ml per mu.
Wheat powdery mildew with 15% triadimefon active ingredient per acre 8-10 grams or 50% triadimefon glue suspension 100 grams of water spray.
Wheat bran can be sprayed with water at 50% anti-inflavor WP 4000 times, 10% imidacloprid 1000 times, and 50% phoxim EC 2000 times.
Wheat red spider can be sprayed with 20% Bailing WP 1000-1500 times or 50% Malathion 2000 times.
Chinese squirrels and soil pests are treated with 75% pyrophosphate emulsified seed by 0.2% of the seed amount, or by 50% phoxim EC by 250 to 300 milliliters of water for 30 to 40 grams of water for soil treatment.
3.4. Timely harvest When the wheat enters the milk ripening stage, the grain becomes hard, the low stalks are harvested, and the grain is harvested in time to strive for the granules to be returned to the warehouse.
4 After leaving no-till and multi-cultivation, the glutinous wheat is harvested before planting, combined with field weeding, protection of the mulch, recovery of fertilized material (covering after snow, topdressing before rain), and planting second crops.
4.1 Retaining membranes in the second cropping hole sowing wheat in the membrane and planting the second crop of wheat. When sowing, the sowing hole must be staggered with the front spawn. Other cultivation techniques are the same as above.
4.2 Membrane planted with trifoliate crops After harvesting, combine field weeding and protect the mulch. Corn, potatoes, winter rapeseed, and vegetables can be grown on the original membrane. The specific planting pattern is the same as that of Daejeon.
5 Precautions
5.1 When sowing wheat, the seeding hole should be checked at any time. It is forbidden to push backward to prevent the sowing hole from being blocked, resulting in the lack of seedlings and ridges.
5.2 The walking speed should be even and moderate to ensure that the distance between holes is even and prevent damage to the plastic film.
5.3 After the rain, the membrane surface should be dried and re-seeded to prevent the water from sticking to the soil and plug the sowing hole.
5.4 After the film is laid, it is necessary to prevent humans and animals from trampling, so as to prolong the service life of the film and improve the effect of keeping the film.
5.5 Remove field weeds in time.
5.6 Remove residual film and destroy it in a timely manner to prevent physical contamination of the soil.