In recent years, to optimize the fruit tree structure and enhance the visual appeal of market fruits, farmers in Yunhe County have started introducing high-quality jujubes from Shandong and other regions. Some of these varieties have already shown promising economic returns. However, many farmers lack experience in jujube cultivation, and local climate conditions often lead to low survival rates of seedlings, directly impacting their profitability. To improve the survival rate of jujube seedlings, several key measures must be taken.
First, selecting high-quality seedlings is crucial for ensuring successful growth. Ideal seedlings should have a grafting site no higher than 6 cm above the ground, with a height of at least 60 cm and a diameter of at least 0.6 cm above the graft. They should be free from diseases like red date disease and pests, with a strong root system full of fine roots. The seedlings should be vigorous, upright, and at least two years old. Before planting, they should be kept dry as much as possible to minimize water loss and nutrient depletion. Any excessive cuts should be sealed with wax or oil, and overly long roots should be trimmed to promote faster wound healing and new root development. If available, soaking the roots in ABT3 or No.7 rooting powder for about 30 minutes before planting can significantly boost survival chances.
It's also essential to strictly follow proper procedures during seedling production, packaging, and transportation to prevent moisture loss. After long-distance transport, jujube seedlings should be rehydrated if necessary. If the roots or bark appear shriveled, soak them in water for 5-8 hours, then place them in a cool, moist sand environment for 2-3 days to restore hydration before planting.
Second, planting density plays an important role in maximizing yield and growth. For low-density planting, a spacing of 3 meters by 2 meters allows for 111 plants per acre, while 3 meters by 1.5 meters accommodates 148 plants. For medium-density planting, 2.2 meters by 1.5 meters supports 200 plants per acre, and 2.5 meters by 1.2 meters allows for 222 plants (this is recommended). High-density planting, such as 2 meters by 1.2 meters, can support up to 277 plants per acre, and 2 meters by 1 meter can fit 333 plants.
Third, the planting depth is critical. Seedlings should be planted slightly deeper than their original growing position to ensure the graft union is properly buried. Planting too deep may result in weak growth, while planting too shallow can cause instability and expose the graft, increasing the risk of root rot. Before planting, add 3-5 kg of well-decomposed organic fertilizer to each planting hole, mixing it thoroughly with the backfill soil. Avoid using fresh manure or urea directly in the pit, as this can burn the roots.
Finally, post-planting care is vital. Water the trees immediately after planting, and maintain consistent moisture, especially during dry periods. Regular weeding and protection from crop competition are necessary. If possible, cover the base of the tree with plastic mulch to retain moisture. Also, monitor for pests and diseases and take preventive measures promptly. With proper care and attention, jujube seedlings can thrive and bring long-term benefits to farmers.
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