In recent years, to adjust the fruit tree structure and enhance the color and market value of fruits, farmers in Yunhe County have introduced high-quality jujube varieties from Shandong and other regions. Some of these plantings have already shown promising economic returns. However, many farmers face challenges due to a lack of experience and local climate conditions, which often result in low survival rates of jujube seedlings. This directly impacts the profitability of jujube farming. To improve the survival rate of jujube seedlings, several key measures should be taken.
First, selecting high-quality jujube seedlings is crucial for ensuring successful growth. Ideal seedlings should have a grafting site no higher than 6 cm above the ground, a height of at least 60 cm, and a stem diameter of at least 0.6 cm above the grafting point. They should be free from diseases such as date disease and pests, with a well-developed root system that includes numerous fibrous roots. Healthy seedlings are vigorous, upright, and at least two years old. Before planting, seedlings should be kept dry and minimally handled to reduce water loss and nutrient depletion. Any excessive cuts should be sealed with wax or oil, and overly long roots should be trimmed to promote faster wound healing and new root development. In suitable conditions, soaking the roots in ABT3 or No.7 rooting powder for about 30 minutes before planting can significantly improve root establishment.
It's also important to strictly control the entire process of seedling cultivation, packaging, and transportation to prevent dehydration. After long-distance transport, it’s essential to rehydrate the seedlings. If the roots or bark show signs of drying out, they should be soaked in water for 5–8 hours, then placed in a cool, moist sand environment with sufficient water to maintain high humidity for 2–3 days. Once rehydrated, the seedlings can be planted.
Second, proper planting density plays a vital role in the growth and yield of jujube trees. For low-density planting, the spacing can be 3 meters by 2 meters (111 trees per acre) or 3 meters by 1.5 meters (148 trees per acre). For medium density, 2.2 meters by 1.5 meters (200 trees per acre) or 2.5 meters by 1.2 meters (222 trees per acre) is recommended. High-density planting, such as 2 meters by 1.2 meters (277 trees per acre) or 2 meters by 1 meter (333 trees per acre), may be used under certain conditions.
Third, the planting depth should be slightly deeper than the original soil level to ensure the graft union is properly buried. Planting too deep can lead to weak growth, while planting too shallow may cause the tree to become unstable or expose the graft site, increasing the risk of root rot. Before planting, each hole should be filled with 3–5 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer mixed thoroughly with the backfill soil. Direct application of urea, fresh chicken manure, or fresh animal dung should be avoided to prevent root burn.
Finally, after planting, it's essential to water the trees thoroughly and maintain consistent moisture, especially during dry periods. Weeds should be removed regularly, and crop protection measures should be implemented. If possible, covering the base of the tree with plastic film can help retain moisture. Timely pest and disease control is also critical to ensure healthy growth.
By following these practices, farmers can significantly improve the survival and productivity of their jujube trees, leading to better economic outcomes and long-term sustainability.
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