For lack of quality seedlings or poorly sown forage grasses in spring, it is advisable to replant them in the autumn. This approach allows for better growth conditions and ensures a more successful harvest. The following are some suitable forage crops that can be planted during this season:
Alfalfa is a perennial plant that can be used for 3 to 6 years. It can be harvested 3 to 5 times annually, with an average yield of 3,000 to 6,000 kg of fresh grass per mu. It is ideal for green feeding and hay production, making it a valuable crop for crop rotation. Alfalfa can be sown alone or mixed with wheat before the autumn equinox. Proper soil preparation is essential, including the use of organic or chemical fertilizers. The recommended seeding rate is 0.5 to 1 kg per acre. In wet soil, seeds should be sown shallowly, while in dry soil, they should be planted deeper—typically around 2 cm. Sowing methods include drilling, broadcasting, or mixing with wheat.
Bromegrass is another perennial forage grass with broad adaptability and strong cold tolerance. It is resistant to earthworms, salt, and alkali, and can withstand trampling with strong regrowth ability. It is well-suited for both cutting and grazing. Drilling is the most common method, with a seeding rate of 1.5 to 2 kg per mu. When mixed with alfalfa, the rate is reduced to 1 to 1.5 kg per mu. Seeding depth varies depending on soil type: 2 to 3 cm for sticky soil and 3 to 4 cm for sandy soil. Extra nitrogen fertilizer is recommended when sown alone.
There are two varieties—white and yellow-flowered. These plants are highly adaptable, drought-resistant, and tolerant of saline conditions. They can be fed fresh or processed. Before sowing, it's beneficial to sand the seed coat with sandpaper to improve germination. The recommended seeding rate is 1.5 kg per acre for seeds, and 1.2 kg when using pre-treated seeds.
The bitter fungus family forage is also a good option, known for its excellent palatability. It requires dense planting. When drilled, the spacing should be between 20 to 30 cm. The seeding rate is 0.5 to 1 kg per mu, with a sowing depth of 2 to 3 cm. Timely cracking after sowing is important for optimal growth.
In addition to these, other suitable forage crops for autumn sowing include white clover, Russian feed vegetables, chicory, perennial ryegrass, winter rye, multi-flowered ryegrass, tall fescue, orchardgrass, meadow brome, dock, and various herb species. Each has unique characteristics, so it's best to choose based on local conditions and farming needs. By selecting the right mix, farmers can ensure a productive and sustainable forage system.
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