Daily management of pigs in fermentation beds
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Fermentation bed management in pig farming follows similar principles to traditional pig raising, but there are specific differences due to the unique nature of the fermentation system. Here are some key considerations for effective management:
1. **Pig Density**: Overcrowding can negatively impact the fermentation process, as excessive manure and urine may not be efficiently broken down. It's recommended to allow 1.2–1.5 square meters per pig. If you need to increase density, ensure that the system is well-maintained to avoid degradation of the bed’s effectiveness.
2. **Moisture Level**: The surface of the fermentation bed should maintain a humidity level between 30% and 40%. This range supports microbial activity and helps keep the environment healthy. If the bed becomes too dry, it can lead to dust, which may cause respiratory issues in pigs.
3. **Parasite Control**: Before introducing pigs to the fermentation bed, make sure they are free from internal parasites. This prevents contamination of the bed and reduces the risk of reinfection through fungal mycelium.
4. **Bed Maintenance**: When the sawdust layer becomes thin, add more organic material along with beneficial microorganisms and nutrient solutions to sustain the fermentation process.
5. **Feeding Practices**: Limit feed intake to about 80% of the usual amount. This encourages pigs to root and interact with the bed, which helps maintain its structure. Pigs typically defecate and urinate in designated areas, so when waste accumulates, it can be covered or buried to promote decomposition.
By following these guidelines, farmers can ensure a healthier and more efficient pig-raising system using fermentation beds. Proper management not only improves animal welfare but also enhances environmental sustainability by reducing waste and odor.