In response to the characteristics of spring wheat seedlings and soil moisture conditions, the primary focus of early spring wheat management is to promote growth, strengthen seedlings, and enhance plant competitiveness. To achieve this, it's essential to start from the seedling stage, manage fertilization and irrigation properly, implement targeted field management, and accelerate the transformation and development of healthy seedlings. Effective early spring wheat management should include the following key aspects:
1. **Dry Field Management**
For fields where soil moisture after plowing is below 60%, irrigation should be carried out before and after green-up. This should be combined with top-dressing, typically applying 10–15 kg of urea per mu. Adjustments should be made based on seedling condition and previous fertilizer application.
2. **Management of Weak or Delayed Seedlings**
For second- or third-class fields with small groups and weak plants that can still green up normally, cultivation should be done before and after green-up. Watering should be delayed until after the soil thaws, with 12–15 kg of urea applied per mu during irrigation. This helps consolidate winter growth, encourage spring development, increase root systems, and boost leaf area, ultimately enhancing population density and yield.
3. **Management of Strong Seedlings**
In fields with strong, well-developed seedlings, deeper plowing should be conducted during the green-up period. It's important to control the production of non-productive tillers and reduce nutrient consumption. If conditions allow, irrigation can be postponed until the late tillering or early jointing stage, with 10–12 kg of urea applied per mu.
4. **Pest and Weed Control**
Early spring pest control focuses on sheath blight, spider mites, and weeds. Management should emphasize protecting and utilizing beneficial organisms in the ecosystem, using agricultural practices as the main method, supplemented by chemical controls when necessary.
5. **High-Quality Wheat Cultivation**
This year, the city has 2.8 million mu dedicated to high-quality strong gluten wheat. Early spring management must adopt advanced cultivation techniques compatible with these premium varieties. Key considerations include: promoting water-saving irrigation to minimize watering frequency and ensure critical water supply; reducing nitrogen fertilizer use in early stages, with most applied at the jointing stage for fields with sufficient base fertilizer; and effectively controlling weeds. Most other management practices remain similar to those used for common wheat.
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