Key Points for Introducing and Cultivating Techniques of "Xixi Red Pomelo"
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The Xihong Hongmeimi pomelo is a premium variety derived from the Xuxi honey pomelo. It features large fruits, with an average single fruit weight of around 1,450 grams. The shape is typically inverted oval or round, with thin and smooth skin that turns orange-yellow when mature. The inner wall is red and easy to peel, revealing pink, spindle-shaped flesh that is tender, juicy, and rich in flavor. It has a balanced sweet-and-sour taste, a pleasant aroma, and contains few seeds, making it highly desirable in terms of quality.
This variety was successfully introduced and cultivated, and the following key cultivation techniques have been summarized:
1. **Site Selection and Planting**: Choose sandy, well-drained, and fertile land that is sheltered from strong winds and has access to sufficient water. The planting area should be at least 3 meters in height and width. A triangular planting pattern is recommended. New shoots can be planted throughout the year once they are fully mature.
2. **Seedling Selection**: Use strong, healthy seedlings with well-developed roots and vigorous growth. Grafted seedlings of one year old are ideal. With proper care, these seedlings will quickly recover and develop a full canopy.
3. **Soil Improvement**: Expanding and improving the soil is crucial for early fruiting, high yield, and superior quality. This process usually starts in the second year after planting and reaches its best results by the third year. The method involves digging symmetrical trenches 60–70 cm deep and 40–50 cm wide on both sides of the canopy drip line. Green manure, compost, 1.5 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, appropriate lime, and topsoil are then layered and compacted to enhance soil structure and fertility.
4. **Pruning and Girdling**: Prune regularly to maintain a balanced tree structure. The principle is to remove fewer branches, especially those on the periphery, while keeping the main branches. Young trees are pruned twice a year—once in summer and once in winter. For fruit-bearing trees, pruning is done three times: spring (February–March), summer (May–July), and winter (after harvest, October–November). A "open skylight" technique is used for dense canopies to control growth without reducing yield. Litchi branches, dead wood, and weak shoots should be removed. In late September, girdling is performed on non-blooming or poorly blooming trees. The girdling method involves cutting the bark 1 cm wide or cutting into the xylem on trunks or main branches with a diameter of 6 cm or more. Treated wounds are treated with 20 ppm 2,4-D and 800-fold thiophanate-methyl to prevent disease. Girdling helps suppress vegetative growth, promote flowering, and increase fruit yield.
5. **Fertilization**: Apply fertilizers using a ring groove method, following the principle of “basal fertilizer in autumn, shoot fertilizer in spring, fruit fertilizer during fruit development.†Fertilize 3–4 times a year, mainly with organic materials supplemented by inorganic fertilizers, with extra phosphorus and potassium. Apply 20–30 kg of pig manure as a germinating fertilizer from late February to early March. During fruit development, apply 0.3% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. From late June to early July, use 20–40 kg of pig manure. Before and after fruit harvesting, apply 40–60 kg of urea and 0.5 kg of phosphate fertilizer. Fertilization is typically done in December.
6. **Fruit Thinning and Bagging**: Thin out small, deformed, or damaged fruits early. Maintain a leaf-to-fruit ratio of about 160–200:1. Once the young fruits reach 100–150 g in weight and a transverse diameter of approximately 5 cm, they should be bagged. When bagging, ensure the bags are neither too loose nor too tight to avoid damage to the fruit stem or opening of the bag.