Key Points for Introducing and Cultivating Techniques of "Xixi Red Pomelo"
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The Xihong Hongmeimi pomelo is a premium variety derived from the Xuxi honey pomelo. It features large fruits, with an average single fruit weight of around 1450 grams. The shape is typically inverted oval or oval, with a thin, smooth, orange-yellow skin and a red inner wall that is easy to peel. The flesh is pink, spindle-shaped, tender in texture, and rich in juice. It offers a balanced sweet and sour flavor, has a pleasant aroma, contains few seeds, and is known for its excellent quality.
This variety was successfully introduced and cultivated, and the following are the key points of its cultivation techniques:
1. **Site Selection**: A well-drained, fertile sandy soil that is sunny and sheltered from strong winds is ideal for planting. The orchard should have good water supply. Trees are planted in a triangular pattern, with spacing of about 3 meters by 3 meters. Planting can be done throughout the year as long as the new shoots are mature.
2. **Seedling Selection**: Strong, healthy seedlings with well-developed roots and robust growth are essential. Grafted seedlings of one-year-old age are recommended. Under proper management, these seedlings will quickly resume growth and develop a full canopy.
3. **Soil Improvement**: Expanding and improving the soil is crucial for early fruiting, high quality, and high yield. This process usually begins in the second year after planting and reaches its best results in the third year. Trenches 60-70 cm deep and 40-50 cm wide are dug symmetrically on both sides of the canopy drip line. Green manure, burned earth, 1.5 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, appropriate lime, and topsoil are layered and compacted to enhance soil structure.
4. **Pruning and Girdling**: Proper pruning helps manage tree shape and promote fruiting. The principle is to remove fewer inner branches while cutting more peripheral ones. Pruning is divided into two periods for young trees (summer and winter), and three times for bearing trees (spring, summer, and winter). Spring pruning occurs between February and March, summer pruning between May and July, and winter pruning about a month after harvest, usually in October or November. For dense canopies, an "open skylight" method is used to control growth without reducing yield. Litchi branches, dead or weak branches, and those that do not bear fruit should be removed. Girdling is performed on trunks or main branches with a diameter of 6 cm or more, using a 1 cm-wide cut to the xylem. Treated wounds are treated with 20 ppm 2,4-D and 800-fold thiophanate-methyl to prevent disease. This technique promotes flowering and ensures better yields.
5. **Fertilization**: A scientific fertilization strategy is vital. Fertilizers are applied using ring trenches, following the principle of “base fertilizer in autumn, quick-release fertilizer during growth, and fruit-enhancing fertilizer before and after harvest.†Fertilization should occur 3–4 times a year, mainly using organic fertilizers with supplementary inorganic ones, and emphasizing phosphorus and potassium. In late February to early March, 20–30 kg of pig manure is applied as a germinating fertilizer. During fruit development, a foliar spray of 0.3% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used. From late June to early July, 20–40 kg of pig manure is added. Before and after harvesting, 40–60 kg of urea and 200 g of phosphate fertilizer are applied in December.
6. **Fruit Thinning and Bagging**: Thinning involves removing small, deformed, or damaged fruits. A leaf-to-fruit ratio of 160–200:1 is ideal. Once the fruit reaches a weight of 100–150 g and a diameter of about 5 cm, it is bagged. When bagging, care must be taken to ensure the bags are properly tied and not too tight, to avoid damaging the fruit stem or loosening the bag.