Six measures to achieve high yield and high efficiency of soybean
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Excellent kind of good law match. In the project area, soybeans are planted with the existing high-yield and high-quality soybean varieties. At the same time, they adopt the combination of introduction, demonstration, and promotion. In accordance with local conditions, they have introduced new varieties of cowpea 12, cowpea 3, yaohuang 13 and high-oil soybean in Japan. Excellent varieties, so that the excellent seed coverage rate in the soybean project area reached 100%, which laid the foundation for the superior breeding methods.
Mo fertilizer dressing, increase seed-setting rate. In the soybean high-yield area, mu is diluted with 3 g of ammonium molybdate and diluted with water to 2% solution and 1 kg of soybean is mixed. According to the multi-point experiment, soybeans planted with molybdenum fertilizer had a plant height of 83.9 cm, an increase of 6.3 cm over the control plant, effective branching of 3.5 plants, an increase of 0.8 compared with the control, and promoted vegetative growth, effectively safeguarding the nutrient supply of soybeans. , And can significantly prolong the reproductive growth time, so that soybean flowering and scarring and drum grain ahead of time 3 to 5 days, an increase of 27.5 kg than the control, the rate of increase in the range of about 15%.
Promote narrow-row dense planting. The production practice in the past two years shows that: within a certain range, the soybean yield increases with the increase of the density. Take Daidou No. 3 as an example. When the planting density is between 20,000 and 28,000, the number of mussels increases with the increase of the density. The trend is that production has increased significantly, with an average yield of 6.4 to 32.1 kilograms per mu, which is the highest in 28,000, with a yield of 232 kilograms per mu. In the main soybean producing areas, the narrow-row and close-growing cultivation techniques for soybeans have been promoted. The planting distance is 8 cm, the row spacing is 32 cm, and the average density is about 25,000. It fully exerted the advantage of the group to increase yield and achieved high soybean yield.
Scientific management of fertilizer and water to achieve a balanced supply of nutrients. In order to increase the input of fertilizer and optimize the fertilization method, in principle, increase the use of farmyard manure, combined with the application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, make up potassium fertilizer. In the major soybean producing areas of our city, the spring soybean base fertilizer is 5,500 kilograms of farmland manure, 20 kilograms of diammonium and 7.5 kilograms of urea, and an average of 9.3 kilograms of urea per mu in the early flowering period. Summer soybean sow seedlings, seedling period application of 25 kg superphosphate, the initial flowering period of application of ammonium bicarbonate 35 kg or 10 kg of urea. During the scab stage, it was sprayed with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 1 to 2 times.
Balanced formula fertilization is very important for soybean yield. For plots without molybdenum dressing, 25 g of ammonium molybdate spray 25 to 50 kg of water at the initial flowering stage, which can significantly increase soybean yield, increase yield and seed dressing. Quite, the average yield per mu is 21.7 kg.
During the growing period of soybeans, the seedling water, flowering water, and water during grain filling were poured. Emphasis should be placed on the use of flowering and waterlogging. During this period, we should keep the soil moist and avoid bountiful flooding to prevent soil hardening or root rot.
Timely control and prevention. After sowing 3 to 4 days before sowing, 40% of acetochlor EC per acre is used for 100 to 150 ml, and 40 to 50 kg of water is sprayed on the soil to control the occurrence of weeds at the seedling stage. In the early flowering to flowering stage, 15% paclobutrazol powder is used for 40-50 grams per mu, and 30 kg of water is evenly sprayed. This technology can effectively control the vegetative growth of soybeans, enhance reproductive growth, make stems thicker, preserve flowers, preserve weight, increase grain gain, promote early maturation, and increase production.
Full prevention of pests and diseases. The control of aphids at the seedling stage was sprayed with 3000 times of 10% imidacloprid; the bean pods, bean worms, borers, cotton bollworms, etc. were sprayed at the flowering stage and sprayed with 20% cypermethrin 2000 times solution or deltamethrin 800 times solution. ; Prevention and control of red spider with a 15% broom net 1000 times solution or Daban Ling 20 grams of water spray 30 to 40 kg. The control of soybean downy mildew and leaf spot was sprayed with 40% triadimefon 800 times solution or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 to 700 times solution.