American salmon hatchery breeding domestication technology
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First, hatching materials and methods
1. Incubation facility The incubation container is a conical hatchery made of food-grade plastic. Diameter is 60 centimeters, height is 100 centimeters, and effective volume is 100 liters. Each hatching tank has independent inlet and outlet pipes.
2. Incubation methods and conditions American salmon eggs are slow-settling eggs, transparent and light orange. If they are opaque and white, they are dead eggs. The incubation water must be filtered, biologically treated, sterilized by ultraviolet rays, and aerated. The inlet pipe is directly connected to the conical bottom of the hatching tank. The backwashing technology is adopted to backflush the bottom by adjusting the appropriate water flow to maintain the eggs. Suspended condition. The water flow should not be too large, so as to avoid excessive recoil and damage to the embryo. Before hatching, fish eggs were sterilized with hydrogen peroxide to prevent saprophytic disease, 50,000 eggs per barrel. The dissolved oxygen content in the influent requires more than 7 mg/l, the optimum water temperature for hatching is 18-20 degrees, and the water temperature must not exceed 22 degrees, otherwise the hatching rate will decrease and the deformity rate will increase. Poor water quality or turbidity will often cause watery mildew. Therefore, water temperature control and water quality are extremely important. The entire incubation process should be carried out indoors, avoiding direct sunlight, and removing whitish dead eggs every day to prevent the breeding of aquatic fungi. Fertilized eggs hatch generally within 2-3 days.
3. Collect seedlings and collect seedlings There are seed collection and seedling collection facilities under the hatching tanks, ie, 80 mesh seedling cages are placed in the containers, and the water level is 20-30 centimeters. The water flow should not be too large so as to avoid "sticking seedlings". After the fry breaks through the membrane, it will flow directly into the harvesting net cage. When the fry in the cage reaches a certain density, the fry is transferred to the nursery pond after counting. Small bowls can also be used to collect water directly from the hatching tank, and after counting, the fry can be transferred into the nursery pond.
Second, the larvae to raise carp artificial breeding technology is the key technology to provide adequate food, good water quality and warm green water environment to reduce stress response. According to nutritional requirements and palatability at all stages of larvae, the scientific formulation of a feeding strategy is of the utmost importance. The technical management of carp seedlings is mainly based on the physiological characteristics, living habits and behaviors of carp larvae.
1. Breeding method The cultivation pool can use indoor or outdoor pools. Before laying the seedlings, first cultivate rotifers, small branches and other biological feed. A cylindrical flat-bottomed net cage is set up in the nursery pond. The general specifications are 1 meter in diameter and 1 meter in height. A gas flushing device is installed in the cage to prevent the death of the newly hatched larvae and promote the exchange of water inside and outside the cage. An 11-watt energy-saving lamp is placed above the cage.
2. When the hatchery is hatched, the body length is about 5.4 millimeters, the body is slender and transparent, and the body is weak. It is necessary to float in the water with the help of external force. Therefore, the micro gas is very important. There was little food intake in the two days after hatching, and the individual development of the fry was dominated by endogenous nutrition. On the third day, the yolk sac was basically absorbed and the fish began to feed heavily. At this time, the rotifer density in the cage is controlled at 10-15/ml or more. Since some of the rotifers fed on the cages are to be dispersed in the cultivation ponds outside the cages, the rotifers should be fed in time according to the size of the water body, the feeding conditions of the fry and the density of the feed in the cages, and the rotifers should be fed daily. 5 - 8 times. Specific methods: Collect rotifers in a rotifer breeding pond using a biological net. Impurities are then filtered, fed to the cage after being sterilized. Five days after the opening of the eel fry, the small branches were started to be fed. If the number of small clades is insufficient, Artemia nauplii should be added and the food control should be controlled at 3-5/ml. When the total length of the fry reaches 15 mm, the ability to actively ingest food increases, and clustering is the best time to switch to domestication. Domestication is usually carried out in the evening. Using the strong phototaxis of salmon fry, the lamp is turned on in the evening. The fry will gather on the surface of the water, and the 100 micron microcapsule feed will be sprinkled on the water. The fry will actively feed on the surface of the water. , Adhere to a small number of feeding methods, feeding once per hour, feeding 6 times per night. This method of tame food is not only simple, but also saves feed and is very effective. Since the eel fry is more sensitive to sound, when it is fed, a beating form is used as a feeding signal to allow it to develop habits and lay the foundation for the future domestication of mackerel in large water bodies. When the total length of the fry reached 3 cm, the feed was changed to 6-10 times per day. Eel fry generally has the strongest appetite in the morning and evening, so the amount of feeding should be based on the feeding conditions of the fry. The early breeding of carp should not use sink feed, and it is better to use buoyant puffed grain feed. As the fish grows, the particle size gradually increases.
3. Water Quality Management In the system of cultivating fry in cages, water spray methods can be used to promote the exchange of water to achieve the effect of seedlings in micro-water. When larvae first enter the cage, the water intake is small, and as the fry grows, the amount of water changes gradually. The amount of water exchange can be adjusted according to the amount of water dissolved oxygen, water color, water quality, fry density, type and quantity of bait. Gently brush the cage daily, and use siphon to suck the bottom of the cage to avoid water quality deterioration and germ propagation. During the nursery, the water temperature is generally controlled between 20-25 degrees. Bubble disease often occurs when water temperature exceeds 30 degrees in the early stage of nursery. During the whole period of raising seedlings, there must be continuous air-blowing, and the amount of air-injection in the early stage should be small, and gradually increase in the middle and later stages.
4. The stocking density of larvae at the initial stage of the larvae is 2,500 fish/m3. Since the squid has a residual food in a certain period, the seedlings must be separated frequently. When the fry grows to 2 cm, the first sub-seedling begins. At night, using light lure methods to concentrate the fish seedlings on the surface of the water, use 1 salt water to sprinkling the cage first, then use the plastic pots to keep the seedlings with water, and add salt water to make it salinity of 0.5. Other empty cages continue to be nurtured.
III. Disease Prevention During the cultivation of carp fry, it should adhere to the principle of “prevention first†to ensure good water quality, reasonable feeding time and feeding amount, and the incidence rate is very low. However, due to the gluttonous feeding of eel fry, it is easy to get enteritis or gill disease under stress during growth period. It is very effective to prevent the disease by reducing the stress response by periodically pouring the cage with 1 saline solution and 2ppm of dibromohydantoin solution.
Fourth, the main transport mode of seed transportation is to use oxygen bags to transport oxygen. About 10 liters per bag of water can be placed in 100-200 fry 3 cm. Ice bags are added to the transportation liquid to control the water at about 18 degrees, thereby effectively increasing the survival rate of seedlings. The use of osmotic pressure regulating drugs to reduce the stress response, the survival rate of transport can reach more than 98, solved the problem of transport of carp seedlings, and laid a solid foundation for the large-scale development of carp culture.
V. Discussion and Analysis
1. In summary, the stress response of squid is extremely strong, and it is vulnerable to external influences and is frightened and injured, or causes an emergency response and causes illness. We have tackled key technologies such as hatching of eggs, opening and domestication of fry and seed transportation.
2. The experience of successful breeding of squid shows that creating a good ecological environment, scientific breeding techniques, fine daily management, and reducing stress response can greatly improve the survival rate of squid farming. In the experiment, we used the anti-stress reaction ion balance solution for regular domestication, which can improve the adaptability of freshwater life of catfish and the survival rate of net operation and transportation. (Hangzhou Aquatic Technology Promotion Station Zhang Qiuhu Hangzhou Xiaoshan Hairun Breeding Co., Ltd. Dong Yan)