Raw fish breeding technology
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(B) the biological characteristics of raw fish Health fish is a hard-bone skeleton, scorpion-shaped head, climbing scorpion, genus. At present, China's main breeding species are Wujing (two-lake raw fish), spotted turtle (Shanguang raw fish) and its hybrids.
1. Morphological characteristics
1.1 The morphological features of the Chinese wolfberry The body is cylindrical in the front and flat in the back; it is generally 25-40 cm in length. The head is long, slightly flat at the front and slightly raised at the back. Body color is black, body back and head darker than the color, belly pale. There are irregular black patches on the side of the body and two lines of dark patches on the top of the head. The dorsal fin is long, almost connected to the caudal fin, without hard spines, starting above the pectoral fin basement. The pelvic fins are short, the pectoral fins are rounded, and the fins extend to the middle of the pelvic fin Anal fins are shorter than dorsal fins, with rounded caudal fins and an anal end that does not reach the anus. The anus is located in front of the anal fins. The body is covered with medium-sized round scales and the top of the head is covered with irregular scales. The lateral line is straight. There is a zigzag above the anus. Move down 2 rows of scales, located in the middle of the body side, and extend to the tail base. The fishermen in the Pearl River Delta area are customarily referred to as "two lakes and raw fish," and the smell of fish is thicker.
1.2 Morphological characteristics of spotted turtles are generally 20 cm in length and 500-1000 grams in weight. Body nearly cylindrical, tail shank thick. Head length, short kiss, slightly flat. The dorsal fins and anal fins are very long and have no hard spines. Pectoral fins, pelvic fins, anterior. Caudal fins rounded. The body is dark gray and gray in the abdomen. It has many dark spots of irregular sizes; the black spots on the top of the head are in the shape of "one eighty-eight." It is customarily called "Shanguang Fish" and the fish soup has no smell. There are obvious differences in the morphological characteristics between the doves and the blackbirds. The spotted carcass was shorter than that of the blackbird; the seven-stared markings on the top of the black tapestle head and the three-worded “one eighty-eight†markings on the top of the spotted mantis head; the head of the blackbird was more pointed and more like a snake.
1.3 Crossbreeding fish (Shandong, Hunan and other places) Wuyi is a male parent, and Guangdong Quercus is a female crossbred to breed a new generation of hybrids. The hybrid has a fast growth rate and can weigh about 1 kg in 3 months. With strong resistance, delicate meat, delicious taste and so on. In the Pearl River Delta region, the brown spotted turtle is commonly known as the "Hong Kong species," and the Ukrainian vulgaris is commonly known as the "Hunan fish." The hybrid fish produced by the crossbreeding of two raw fishes is called "hybrid fish."
2. Life habits Raw fish is a benthic fish. It usually inhabits aquatic plants, soft or muddy bottom water, or micro-flowing water. It is found in lakes, rivers, reservoirs, ponds, and other waters. It often dive beneath the water to swing the pectoral fins. Maintain body balance. Raw fish are highly adaptable to changes in environmental factors in the water body, especially for the lack of oxygen, water temperature changes, poor water quality have a strong ability to adapt. When the body of water is deficient in oxygen, it can expose its head to the surface of the water and directly breath oxygen in the air by means of the septum in the sacral cavity. Even in the case of less water or even water, as long as the cervix and the body surface are kept at a certain humidity, they can survive for a long time. Raw fish water temperature 0 °C -41 °C, the optimum water temperature 26-28 °C. When the water temperature in spring reaches above 8°C, it often acts in the upper water body. When the water temperature in autumn falls below 6°C, swimming is slow and often lurks in the depths of the water. When the water temperature in winter is too low, it will be the latter part of the body. Buried in silt or grass, the head exposed in the water can not eat. Raw fish have a strong ability to jump. When the weather is hot and rain rises, raw fish will often leap out of the water and escape along the embankment. When there is a flood of water, they will often provoke a diving leap and escape. Snake-like, slowly moving forward.
3. Feeding and growing raw fish are typical ferocious carnivorous fish. Raw fish in nature mainly feed on small fish, shrimps, frog's mites, aquatic insects and other aquatic animals. Due to differences in fish size and habitat, the types of food they eat are also different. During the fry period, it mainly feeds on copepods, horns, and chironomid larvae. When it is more than 3 centimeters in length, it turns to aquatic insects and eats small fish and shrimp. When it is 8 centimeters or more in length, it is Take fish and shrimp as the main food intake. It is worth noting that with the growth of fish, raw fish have the habit of killing each other when there is insufficient food or the size of the fish is different. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the stocking specifications of the cultured raw fish, especially the growth stage of the seedlings. Prosperous, into the sexual maturity stage after 2nd age, the growth rate of fish body slows down. In artificial rearing conditions, the use of extruded feed, summer season after high-temperature breeding season 4-5 months, turtles (Hong Kong species) up to 1.0-1.2 pounds, hybrid breeding 3-4 months up to 2 pounds.
Second, domesticated fish larvae domestication and fish culture Raw fish larvae diet domestication and seedling cultivation is a major technical difficulty in artificial breeding of raw fish. Locally, it is generally reported that "raw fish require easy fry and breeding is difficult." The highest survival rate is only 50-60%, generally 20-30%, even lower. Therefore, raising the survival rate of raw fish culture and reducing the production cost is a technical difficulty urgently needed to be solved in raw fish breeding.
(i) Domestication of larvae Newly hatched larvae, with poor physique and poor mobility, float on the water or lie on the side of aquatic plants and other attachments, and use their own yolk as a nutrient source. As the yolk sac gradually absorbs and shrinks, larval development continues. Perfection, this is the peak period of death of raw fish seedlings, must be meticulous domestication. The domestication method is as follows:
1. Timely feeding When the fry hatches for 4-5 days, the yolk sac disappears, and when it starts to feed from the outside, planktonic nets are used to collect zooplankton and filtered through a 30-40 mesh screen (fish hatching requires 2-3 days of filtration), With its filtrate evenly spilled in the hatching tank, if the food can not meet its needs, you can feed the cooked egg yolk, yeast, fish mash and full-price compound feed (powder) as supplementary feed, so that it can eat and eat well. Meet the growth needs of fry.
2. After keeping the fresh water of the fish, the large number of egg membranes and oil-like substances float in the water or sink to the bottom of the water, so it should always maintain a certain micro-water flow to increase dissolved oxygen in the water and eliminate egg membranes and oily substances.
3. Pay attention to the disease prevention and control of raw fish during the seedling stage, which is most susceptible to watery mildew. Usually, 1 to 2 PPM methylene blue or 15 to 20 PPM formalin Quanchiposa is used for prevention. The daily new water should be replaced with 25PPM lime or water in the storage tank. Chlorine disinfectant treatment can be used only after harmless, and it is better to cultivate the pond water into tender green. The fry is reared for 8-10 days, and the body length can reach 10-15 mm, and the body color turns yellow. As the individual fry grows and its density increases, the demand for bait and dissolved oxygen also increases. At this point, the pool should be transferred to seedlings in a timely manner.
(B) Fish Breeding
Pool cultivation
1. 1 The fry pool requires that the raw fish fry be cultivated with earthen ponds. The area is generally 0.2-0.4 mu, and the water depth is 0.5-1.0 meters. Before the fry are released, they must be disinfected by Qingchi; first drain the pool and water, and then use 70 kg of lime to clear the pond per acre (the depth of the pool is 7-10 cm), and apply sufficient water to increase the fertilizer of basal fertilizer. Apply photosynthetic bacteria and other microorganisms. The agent regulates the quality of the water and allows the fish to have a good environment and a sufficient amount of basic food after going down the pond.
1. 2 Before putting fry released fry, put 20-30 fishes first to observe whether the water body has disappeared. The water temperature difference when releasing seedlings can not exceed 2°C, and the stocking density depends on the bait, breeding techniques and breeding specifications, and the general stocking density is 60,000-70,000. Afterwards, the growth and cultivation time of the fry are gradually screened and diluted. There are also 4 to 50 thousand tails/mu at a time, which are directly cultivated into standard fish species.
1.3 Feeding domesticated larvae into feed, the plankton feeds in the lower pool, and as the fry grows, the food intake increases, and the zooplankton in the pool gradually decreases. On the one hand, plankton is cultivated by continuing fertilization. On the one hand, soybean milk, egg yolk, yeast and full-price compound feed (powder) can be added and fed. After 15-20 days of cultivation, when the fish body reaches 3 cm or more, its diet begins to transform and the food intake further increases. Relying on zooplankton can no longer meet its growth needs, then you can feed the fish on the table to tame the food, add 2-3 days later puffed fish fry open feed mixed with fish, then gradually increase the proportion of feed to reduce the amount of fish until It is mainly fed with extruded feed (above 90%), and domestication can usually be completed within 3-5 days.
1.4 Cultivating and managing 1) Adjusting water quality in time: During fry breeding, due to fertilization and feeding, fecal residue baits are most likely to spoil the water quality. Therefore, during the cultivation of raw fish, water is often changed depending on the water quality, and the amount of water is changed each time. 1/4 to 1/3 of the pool water, after the first row of irrigation. In addition, aquatic plants such as water hyacinths or water hyacinths are transplanted in the fish ponds to purify the water quality and conceal the fry. 2) Timely stocking: When there is a big difference in the growth specifications of the fry, the raw fish has a habit of eating big, especially when the food is lacking. Therefore, raw fish fry culture must be timely retraced, sifted, and bred, and the fish in the same pool should strive to be the same size, so as to avoid the weak meat and strong food, affecting the survival rate of fry. 3) Prevent disease and escape: Pay attention to the entrance and exit gates on a daily basis and prevent flooding in rainy days. Pulling the net to screen will inevitably damage the fish body. Once the fish body is injured, it is most likely to suffer from hydromycosis. The production of commonly used malachite green prevention and treatment of 0.1-0.2PPM. Should pay attention to the prevention of trichoderma, slug invasion.
2. Cage cultivation seed
2. 1 Production and setting of cages Net cages are made of 30-40 mesh nylon mesh, 5 meters in length, 1.2 meters in size, rectangular and open. The cage is framed by wood or bamboo. The four corners of the cage are fixed on the frame. It is 30 cm above the water surface, and the net is more than 50 cm above the ground. The pebbles are used as sinks to allow the nets to fully open freely and rise and fall freely with the water level. The spacing between the boxes is 4 to 5 meters, which facilitates the exchange of water bodies inside and outside the tank. The water volume set in the cages must have a certain degree of fatness, be close to the inlet, and be more than 3 meters away from the bank.
2. 2 Fry stocking and feeding fry, must be the same source, the same batch, size and size are basically the same, the general stocking density is 1000-1500/m2.
2. 3 Baits After feeding the domesticated larvae into the cages, they start to attract fish with fish gills. After 2-3 days, they are added with squid mix and fed into a group. After 15 to 20 days of fry feeding, the body length can reach 2 cm or more. At this time, the fish can be fed with puffed fish fry (mixed with a little fresh chilled fish paste) and fed once a day in the morning, in the evening, and once in the day. Feeding amount is 6-8% of fish's body weight.
2.4 Feeding Management
1) Keep the water in the box fresh: After the fish are put out of the box, clean the cage every day and move the position to facilitate convection exchange between the inside and outside of the tank. At the same time, aquatic plants such as water hyacinths or water lettuces, which account for one-fifth of the surface of the water, are put into cages to purify the water and conceal fish seedlings.
2) Timely binning: Fry will be reared within 15 to 25 days in the cage. The individual size will be different and must be sieved and diluted to keep the size of the fry within the cage consistent.
3) Daily management: It is mainly to wash the cages and check whether the cabinets are damaged to prevent escape. Observe the feeding and activities of the fry, adjust the feeding amount and prevent fish diseases.
3. Precautions during fry cultivation During the cultivation of seedlings, it is necessary to observe the activities of the fry, and if it is found that the seed wanders around the edge of the pool, it indicates that the food in the pool is insufficient and should be fed in time. Due to the highly clustered habit of fish in 3 weeks, the fish fry together and fish in the center of the group and frail when feeding. The chance of obtaining food is relatively small, resulting in a total length of 3.5-3.8 cm for fry. Frailty is only 2.3-2.7 cm. It may even cause particularly fragile fish to die due to lack of necessary nutrients. Therefore, one must be fed with sufficient feed, and the other is to improve the feeding method and adopt multiple feedings a day so that the fry can feed evenly and the growth rate is basically the same. In the early stages of cultivation, the lack of rotifers and leeches, the lack of silkworms, small fish, and small shrimps in the middle and late stages all caused the inequality in the ingestion of the seedlings to cause mixed growth and triggered killing each other. Therefore, when the natural pond feed is insufficient, light can be set on the surface of the pond to attract insects for the consumption of fish fry, and water canals, chilled fish paste and squid can also be fed with the powder. The raw fish fry have cluster habits. If the clusters are found to be too large, they should be evacuated in time. Especially in the hot and humid nights, if the above phenomenon occurs, the fish fry should be picked up at other places in the nursery pond. Pay attention to changes in the water color, especially in the hot season, if the water quality is too fat, the dissolved oxygen is insufficient, which can cause the fry floating head and flooding ponds, causing a large number of deaths of the seedlings. Therefore, it is necessary to inject new water in a timely manner according to the growth conditions of the seed, gradually increase the water level, adjust the water quality, and increase the spatial adjustment of the seedling density of the water body.
Third, raw fish adult fish culture Two models of raw fish adult fish farming refers to the production process of growing raw fish seed into commercial food fish in ponds and other bodies of water. The farming methods are various and varied. Currently, Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi and In Zhejiang and other regions, raw fish are cultured, and fish ponds and intensive cultivation are mostly adopted. Raw fish intensive intensive culture is currently the main mode of culture of raw fish in the Pearl River Delta region, mu output is generally 2-3 tons, high-yield ponds up to 4-6 tons per acre.
(1) Adult fish ponds are cultivated into fish ponds. The raising of fish ponds is to raise a small amount of raw fish species in the pond where the main raising grass carp, catfish, and carp is raised to devour small wild species competing for food with the main fish, competing for oxygen, and competing for water bodies. Miscellaneous fish, make full use of water, reduce feed loss, increase the output of main fish, and increase the economic benefits of pond culture.
1. Sets of health fish ponds require the best surface water below 10 mu, the silt is not deep, and the dry ponds can be stored in the same year, otherwise the raw fish will remain in the ponds, affecting the production of the main fishes in the year.
2. Set of health fish fingerlings Raw fish is a ferocious fish, sometimes consuming 2/3 of the body length of the body, so the method of putting raw fish species is very particular about, than the main fish The species is small, usually 60-80g/tail, with 20-30 fishes per acre. During the aquaculture process, no additional feed is provided to feed the wild fish in the pond. At the end of the year, dry ponds will be watered, and the tails will weigh up to 800-1000 grams; if 6-8 centimeters of fish are to be released, 40-50 tails will be placed per acre, and dry ponds will be pumped up at the end of the year. The tail weights can reach 600-800. Grams, mu produce 20-30 kg of fish.
3. Feeding management into fishponds sets of health fish generally do not require other special feeding and management, but it should be noted that: raw fish is good to jump and easy to escape, especially when the feed is insufficient, in case of thunderstorms, sometimes can jump more than 1 meter high, along the water "Aisle" escaped. For this reason, after putting on raw fish species, it is necessary to pay attention to the inlet and outlet grilles to prevent escape. Planting some water peanuts, water hyacinths, etc. on the waters of the shore of the pond is conducive to the concealment and feeding of raw fish.
(II) Intensive intensive culture
1. Ponds require raw fish intensive pools to be made of earthen ponds. Not only are they low in cost and suitable for their habits, they are easy to regulate water quality and do not damage the fish. The size of the water surface can be large, but the water surface is too small and it is difficult to adjust the water quality. If it is too large, it may cause uneven feeding of the raw fish fry. Therefore, intensive ponds generally 3-5 mu is appropriate, the water depth is more than 1.5 meters, the bottom of the pool is 10-15 cm of mud, the surrounding environment of the fish pond is quiet, drainage and irrigation is convenient. Before the fishes get into the pool, the fish ponds are completely drained and dried. Lime and tea aquaculture ponds are used to sterilize the plankton after inhalation. The PH value of the pool water is 7.8-8.5, and the transparency is 30-40 cm. According to the habit of hiding raw fish and fear of exposure, the pool can be planted with some plants, water hyacinths, cabbages, etc. The planting area is one-fifth of the water surface of the pool to regulate water quality and conceal fish.
2. In general, fish farmers release their fry from February to March, but the stocking time is mostly concentrated in April-June. Before releasing the seedlings, put 20-30 tails of test water first to observe whether the body's medicinal properties have disappeared. The stocking specifications should be neat, and the fish stocks should be strong, with low injuries, and should be bred in ponds of different sizes and sizes after sieving. The amount of seedlings released depends on the stocking specifications. Generally, a total length of 3 cm in size of the fish species should be placed between 7 million and 100 million per acre, and a total length of 10 cm species should be placed between 5000 and 6000 tails per acre. If the water quality is good, the use of extruded feed, feeding experience is rich, you can increase the density of stocking properly; otherwise, you should reduce the amount of stocking.
3. Feeding raw fish is a carnivorous fish. At present, artificially farmed raw fish still use chilled fish and small trash fish as the main bait. However, many farmers have used extruded feed to replace chilled fish to feed raw fish. It will be a success, and it will also become the main method of intensive intensive raw fish in the future. Feeding expanded feedstuff domestication methods: start with fresh fish paste, and then feed fish with chilled fish paste in the appropriate size after 2 or 3 days, until the main use of extruded feed (90%) or Full-expanded feed, domestication process takes 5-7 days. Every morning and evening feeding, the daily feeding amount is 2-6% of the fish's body weight. The amount of feed should be adjusted depending on the water temperature and the quality of the water.
4. Feeding management
4. 1 Regularly regulate water quality to prevent deterioration of water quality. High-density culture produces large amounts of feces. If water is not replaced, the content of harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in the water body will be greatly increased, and the dissolved oxygen content of the water body will decrease, affecting the appetite of raw fish. Raw fish discharge phenomenon, thus affecting the growth of raw fish, and easy to breed a variety of bacteria. Therefore, regular new water should be added to prevent water quality from deteriorating. Pool water can also be added with bacteria and other microorganisms to degrade ammonia, nitrite and other harmful substances.
4. 2 thunderstorm days to prevent raw fish from jumping off the shore to escape
4. 3 Disease Prevention and Treatment Every 1 to 20 days, Quanchipa splashes lime water to regulate the quality of the water. Each month, they are fed fish health products such as “Baguaningâ€, “Jianwei San†and vitamin C for 5-6 days. In order to strengthen the disease resistance of raw fish. Once fish disease is found, it is treated promptly. Disease Prevention and Control Raw fish farming is an intensive and high-density production process, which is quite different from the wild natural environment. This greatly increases the possibility of fish species becoming infected with various diseases. Once onset, it is easy to spread the disease, even if the treatment measures are taken, the cost is often very high and the result is not necessarily ideal, causing incalculable losses to the farmers. Therefore, the disease prevention and control in raw fish breeding should focus on the principle of "prevention first, prevention from over control". The occurrence of fish is the interaction between fish, pathogens and environment. In this environment, the resistance of fish is not enough to counteract the virulence of pathogens to form fish diseases. Understand this point, for the prevention and treatment of raw fish diseases, from the improvement of the environment, enhance the resistance of raw fish, weaken the pathogen to start with three aspects.
(1) Strengthen feeding and management and enhance the fish's own disease resistance. Mainly reasonable stocking, appropriate feeding, ensure feed quality (such as the use of "Qunfeng brand" expansion maggots), strengthen daily management of aquaculture.
(B) improve the ecological environment to maintain a clean and fresh water quality and the stability of the various physical and chemical factors, regular insecticidal disinfection, regular replacement of fresh water, splashing water purification agent or photosynthetic bacteria, to maintain the stability of the water environment.
(c) Drug Control Drugs are used to inhibit and kill pathogens in fish and aquatic environments, reducing their virulence. Common raw fish diseases include:
Bleeding
1. 1 Epidemic Situation Hemorrhagic disease is a common disease in the breeding stage of black bream fishes. It has a high incidence rate and can easily cause batch deaths. Every year from June to September is the main epidemic of the disease. The popular water temperature is 27-30 °C. Due to high stocking densities, deterioration of water quality, low dissolved oxygen in water, and low transparency, it often leads to an outbreak of this disease.
1. 2 Symptoms: There are hemorrhage spots at the fin base, abdomen, and tail. The fish is dark and thin, and the eyeballs protrude. The skin of the fish is removed, and the muscles show spotty or massive congestion and hemorrhage. In severe cases, the body was bright red, and the silk was white. It was a phenomenon of “white pimpleâ€. There was no food in the intestine and the intestinal wall was congested.
1. 3 Prevention methods (1) Increase the water level, increase the number of water changes, and increase the feeding of red worms and other favorite foods.
(2) Bo extinguish 0.5-1PPM+ copper sulfate 0.3PPM pond splash, and mix infusible norfloxacin raw powder 5g/kg feed, feed 3 to 5 days.
(3) nitrofurazone original powder 2-3 PPM full splash.
(4) 100 to kill Di 0.2-0.3PPM Quantang spill, and mix feed Lifu plain powder 4 grams / kg of material, and even fed 3 days.
2. White skin disease (debris)
2. 1 The prevalence is mainly endangered to the species of summer fishes in Wuhuan. The annual season from June to August is the popular season. Especially before and after the summer flowering ponds, due to careless operation, the fish body is damaged or the water quality deteriorates. Fermented manure, pathogens are more likely to breed and reproduce, and fish are susceptible to the disease. The mortality rate is high, which can reach more than 50%; the disease course is short, and it only takes 2-3 days from onset to death.
2. 2 Symptoms are rapidly expanding as the disease progresses. In severe cases the diseased fish is rotted or incomplete. The diseased fish swims unbalanced, heads down, tails up, perpendicular to the water surface until death.
2. 3 Prevention methods (1) Regularly replace new water or splash lime, fish breeding, nitrite degradation, Haizhongbao and other drugs to regulate water quality, in order to maintain the water quality.
(2) Chlorine dioxide or strong chlorine fine 0.3PPM Quanchiposa, used for 2 days, the next day with erythromycin original powder 3-5 g / kg of material taken orally twice daily for 5 days.
(3) Gallnut 4-5 PPM + erythromycin 3PPM solution pond splash, once again every other day.
(4) Rhubarb powder 3PPM boiled water + copper sulfate splashed the whole pond, and mixed fed with ulcer flat or fish husband Bao, 3-5 days for a course of treatment.
3. The prevalence of the watery mildew 3.1 epidemic mainly occurs in the incubation stage and fingerling stage of the fertilized eggs of the Chinese quail, due to poor water environment or low temperature (15°C to 20°C), especially in rainy days, sudden infection may cause A large number of fertilized eggs died.
3.2 Symptoms Mycelia enters the egg membrane or enters the muscles of injured fish. There is a large number of outer hyphae and the outer mycelium is radial.
3. 3 Prevention methods (1) Strictly use drugs to disinfect the hatching ponds and ponds, keep the water body fresh and the seasons with low water temperatures do a good job of preventing insects and freezing fish.
(2) Fish eggs can be soaked in 10PPM malachite green solution for 10-15 minutes once a day for 2 days. As for the sick fish, 0.1PPM malachite green pond can be used to splash water.
Hepatobiliary necrosis
4.1 Epidemic situation The disease is prevalent in the hot season of June-November each year. It is one of the diseases that seriously jeopardizes raw fish breeding. As the nitrite in the water is too high or it is fed over a long period of time, it often leads to an outbreak of this disease.
4.2 Symptoms Disease The fish is weak and soft, swimming is slow, and often depends on the bank. Anatomy and internal organs can be seen in the liver turning yellow or white, with white or green or black pus spots on the surface, liver hypertrophy, and partial diseased fish bile. clear. Some serious diseased fish have intestinal congestion.
4. 3 Prevention and control methods (1) Before the use of drugs, transfer water first. Use Haizhongbao and nitrite degradation agents to reduce the toxicity and nitrite in the water.
(2) 100 killing Di 0.2-0.3PPM Quantang spill, use 2 days, and mixed with norfloxacin raw powder 4-6 g / kg feed, twice a day, and even feed 3-5 days for a course of treatment.
(3) virulent net 0.8-1PPM + copper sulfate 0.5PPM Quantang spill, every other day and once again, and mixed with antibiotic raw powder, used in conjunction 3-5 days.
(4) Dr. Osmanthus 0.5-0.8PPM + furazolidone 1PPM splash water.
5. Scrap Ichthyosis
5. 1 Epidemic situation The disease is prevalent in spring and autumn. There is no strict selectivity for the age of Ujung. The small melon worms spread by means of cysts and larvae. The newly hatched larvae have a strong invasive power and gradually weaken with the delay of time. The water temperature is the strongest invasiveness at 15-20°C.
5. 2 Symptoms Diseased fish skin, fins, or hernia valves are covered with white, dot-like vesicles. When the condition is severe, the fish is covered with a white film. The sick fish swimming slowly, floating water surface, fish body constantly rubbing with other objects, and finally the sick fish died of difficulty breathing. 5. 3 prevention and control of whole pool splash mercury nitrate, water temperature 15-20 °C, the pool water into 0.1PPM.
6. Trichodiasis
6. 1 The prevalence of the fish species mainly threatens the stage of fish fingerlings in the black plover. It can occur throughout the year, and it is more popular from April to July. The suitable temperature is 20-28°C. Small pools, shallow water, poor water quality, lack of food, overstocking, continuous rain, etc., are prone to disease.
6. 2 Symptoms Diseased fish has increased mucus, most of the fish body or body is white, swimming is slow, fish body weight loss, breathing difficulties and die.
6. 3 Prevention (1) Seedlings are divided into ponds, transferred to the pool and dipped in 8PPM copper sulfate solution for 10-15 minutes at winter.
(2) 0.7PPM copper sulphate and ferrous sulfate mixture (5:2) sprinkled throughout the pond.
(3) Poison No. 1 0.1PPM Quanchiposa. (4) Boiled water 20-30 kg per acre is poured and used for 2 days.
7. Uterus worm disease
7.1 Epidemic situation The disease has the most widespread epidemic in the Yangtze River Basin. The infection rate is as high as 90%. The first infection occurred in January in the winter and the most in spring. Adults are no longer found on the fins after summer.
7.2 Symptomatic pathogens are vine-suspended uterine nematodes. Females are parasitized between the dorsal fins, anal fins and caudal fin rays of male black baboons. Males are parasitized in the larvae and kidneys of fish and generally do not see obvious symptoms with the naked eye.
7.3 Prevention (1) Dip diseased fish with 3-5% salt solution for 10-20 minutes.
(2) A mixture of crystal trichlorfon (90%) and noodle were splashed (ratio of 5:3), the concentration of which was 0.2 mg/L on the first day and 0.3 mg/L on the second day.
8. Wilt disease
8. 1 Etiology and pathology Summer and adult fish breeding stages can be found. The main stocking was too dense and the food was insufficient. As a result, some species of fish were severely emaciated due to lack of sufficient food, and they were scattered and scattered and soon died of wilting. The diseased fish is white and severely anemic.
8.2 The size of the stocking species should be as uniform as possible and the density should be suitable for the prevention and control of aquaculture. The feed is even, palatable, and adequate. When the fish is found to have wilting disease, measures should be taken immediately to increase nutrition and restore health in the early stage of the disease. Umbellolus is very resistant to diseases. As long as the aquaculture process continues to improve the level of aquaculture technology and management, so that "no disease prevention, disease early treatment, comprehensive prevention, active treatment" can reduce the incidence of disease. At the same time, our research workers should also strengthen the application of basic theory research, accumulate knowledge and experience, and control the occurrence of sudden, fulminant and devastating diseases of black tadpoles to increase the aquaculture production of black tadpoles.
