Prevention of Virus Disease in Pepper
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With the rising price of small peppers, the area dedicated to their cultivation in our county has been continuously expanding. As a result, small peppers have become one of the main economic pillars in the region, with planting areas exceeding 300,000 mu. The primary sources of pepper mosaic virus in our county are the Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) and Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV), followed by Potato Virus Y (PVY). Among these, CMV is the most prevalent, causing symptoms such as light green and white mottling on the leaves. Infected plants often display irregular leaf surfaces, vein shrinkage, deformation, or linear-shaped leaves, along with slow growth, severe dwarfing, yellowing, and even leaf drop. TMV, the second most common virus, typically affects plants during the early growth stages, leading to acute necrotic spots, leaf drop, systemic mosaic patterns, vein necrosis, or necrosis on the stem and tip of the plant. Both viruses can cause significant leaf, flower, and fruit drop, severely impacting the yield and quality of small peppers.
Cucumber Mosaic Virus is mainly spread by aphids, and its occurrence is closely linked to the presence of these pests. High temperatures and dry weather not only increase aphid activity but also enhance the transmission of the virus. On the other hand, Tobacco Mosaic Virus spreads through contact and wounds caused by farming activities like pruning. Additionally, fields that are continuously cropped, located in low-lying areas, or prone to poor drainage are more susceptible to outbreaks.
According to a survey conducted by the county's Plant Protection Station, the field incidence rate of small pepper viral diseases is 100%, with an average disease rate of 31.2%. This highlights the urgent need for effective control measures.
To manage these viral diseases, several strategies can be implemented. First, shade cultivation and aphid control are essential. Avoid planting solanaceous crops or melons near small pepper fields, and consider intercropping with tall crops like sorghum or corn to reduce the risk of viral infection. Second, before the onset of the disease, applying solutions of zinc sulfate and trisodium phosphate can help prevent infection. Third, in the early stages of the disease, spraying 20% Virus A WP diluted at 500 times, 1.5% Plant Disease Ling Emulsion at 1000 times, or NS-83 Activator at 100 times is recommended. These treatments should be applied once every 10 days for a total of 3–4 times to achieve optimal results.