Soybean inter-row mechanical coating technology is an innovative and important agricultural method that enhances ground temperature, improves drought resistance, preserves fertilizers, controls weeds, boosts quality, increases yield, and reduces production costs. This new technique involves covering the space between soybean rows with a plastic film, using the "row placement and film coverage" approach. It relies on proper autumn preparation and fertilization, selecting high-quality suitable varieties, and sowing on flat land without ridges. Typically, six or eight rows are used, and a specialized soybean film-covering machine applies the mulch between the seedling lines rather than directly over them, making it easy to operate and highly practical.
The key features of this technology include in-membrane fertilization and sowing, which help prevent chemical fertilizer volatilization and improve nutrient absorption. The moisture enters the film from the edges, reducing evaporation and benefiting earthworms. Using this technology, soil temperature can rise by 3–5°C, effective accumulated temperature increases by about 300°C, fertilizer utilization improves by more than 10%, soybean yield increases by 30%, protein content rises by 2–3%, and fat content increases by 1.2%.
**Key Technical Points for Mechanical Film Coverage**
1. **Seed Selection**: High-quality seeds are essential, with purity above 98%, germination rate over 95%, and 100% coating rate to ensure seed quality.
2. **Land Preparation**: Soil should be deeply tilled to at least 25 cm, and the field must be level and well-prepared to meet sowing and filming requirements, ensuring smooth mechanical operations.
3. **Sowing and Fertilizing**: Use high-quality fertilizer, such as Xishui Hi fertilizer. Sow 55–66 kg per hectare, and apply 120–150 kg of diammonium phosphate, 30 kg of urea, and 50 kg of potash as base fertilizer. Seeds should be coated with a seed treatment agent, and herbicides should be applied after sowing.
4. **Film Application**: Use 800 mm wide plastic film with a thickness of 0.008 mm. After coating, the width should be 600–700 mm. Fertilizer should be placed 50 mm from the edge of the film, and seeds should be sown 50 mm away from the edge. The film must be tightly covered and secured with soil, ensuring all joints and holes are properly sealed.
5. **Pest and Weed Control**: Integrated technologies have achieved 100% control of diseases like gray spot and caterpillar infestations. For weed management, pre-emergence soil treatment is prioritized, supplemented by post-emergence foliar treatments. No long-residue chemicals are used to maintain pollution-free and green standards.
6. **Field Management**: Regular inspections and record-keeping are conducted throughout the growing season, from sowing to harvesting, to monitor the performance of the coated soybeans.
7. **Harvesting and Storage**: Implement single-income, single-off, single-storage, and single-processing systems to ensure the quality and purity of the soybeans, raising the standard of film-covered soybeans.
**Equipment Used for Soybean Inter-Row Film Coating**
The primary equipment used is the 2MFB-4A soybean film-coating machine produced by Nenjiang Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd. in Heilongjiang Province. This machine consists of two parts: ridge cultivation and inter-ridge mulching. It allows for simultaneous ridge formation and four-layer mulching, making the process efficient and cost-effective.
**Analysis of the Technology’s Benefits**
Compared to traditional soybean farming, this mechanized film-coating technology demonstrates the “four lows, three highs, and one flat†benefits:
- **Four Lows**:
1. **Lower Seed Investment**: Improved soil moisture increases seedling survival rates, allowing a 25% reduction in sowing rate.
2. **Lower Weeding Costs**: Pre-planting mulching minimizes weed growth, requiring only 40% of the usual herbicide for extra vegetation.
3. **Lower Mechanical Costs**: No need for ridging or pressing reduces the number of field operations.
4. **Lower Labor Input**: Manual weeding is eliminated, and timely film removal saves about 30 yuan per hectare.
- **Three Highs**:
1. **High Fertilizer Utilization**: Reduced fertilizer loss due to better moisture retention and increased solubility.
2. **High Quality**: Lower disease incidence and improved grain weight lead to better commercial quality.
3. **High Efficiency**: Overall productivity is significantly enhanced through optimized resource use and reduced labor.
This technology not only improves yield and quality but also supports sustainable and environmentally friendly farming practices.
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