Flowers harvested from the greenhouse should be pre-treated as soon as possible to ensure their quality and longevity. Proper preprocessing is essential in maintaining freshness, appearance, and shelf life. The process typically involves three key steps: post-harvest conditioning, pretreatment, and precooling.
Post-harvest conditioning is crucial because once the flower stems are removed from the plant, they begin to lose moisture, leading to wilting. To prevent this, flowers should be placed in clean water immediately after harvest. This helps restore cell turgor pressure, which is vital for maintaining a healthy and attractive appearance. The conditioning process usually takes about an hour. It's recommended to use clean water, and if available, a solution containing fungicides can be used to further protect the flowers from bacterial or fungal damage.
Pretreatment is another important step before packaging, storage, or transportation. It involves briefly immersing the base of the flower stems in a sugar-based chemical solution. This treatment has several benefits, including improving the quality of the bloom, extending the flowering period, helping buds open properly, and ensuring that the flowers remain in good condition during transit. A common solution includes sucrose and silver thiosulphate. For example, roses can be treated with a 10% sucrose solution at 20°C for approximately four hours.
Precooling is the final stage in the preprocessing sequence. It involves rapidly removing field heat before the flowers are transported or stored. Since cut flowers are highly perishable, precooling is especially important. At higher temperatures, flowers deteriorate more quickly due to increased respiration and transpiration rates. By cooling the flowers to an ideal temperature, the risk of decay and wilting during transport is significantly reduced. The optimal precooling temperature is between 0°C and 1°C, with high humidity (95–98%). There are various methods for precooling, such as using a cold room, water cooling, or air cooling. Water cooling involves circulating ice water through the boxes to remove heat efficiently, while air cooling uses cold air to lower the temperature before sealing the packages. These methods help maintain the freshness and quality of the flowers throughout the supply chain.
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Flame retardants, functional auxiliaries endowed with inflammable polymer flammability, mainly designed for flame retardancy of polymer materials; There are many types of flame retardants, which can be divided into additive flame retardants and reactive flame retardants according to their usage.
The additive type flame retardant is added to the polymer by mechanical mixing method to make the polymer flame retardant. At present, the additive type flame retardant mainly includes organic flame retardant and inorganic flame retardant, halogenated flame retardant (organic chloride and organic bromide) and non-halogenated flame retardant. Organics are some flame retardants represented by bromine, phosphorus and nitrogen systems, nitrogen systems, red phosphorus and compounds, while inorganic flame retardants are mainly antimony trioxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide and silicon systems.
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