Soybean line mechanical coating technology
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Soybean inter-row mechanical coating technology is an innovative and important agricultural technique that enhances ground temperature, improves drought resistance, preserves fertilizers, controls weeds, boosts soybean quality, increases yield, and reduces production costs. This new method involves covering the space between soybean rows with plastic film, using a "row-to-row" approach. It relies on proper soil preparation and fertilization from the previous autumn, selecting high-quality seeds, and sowing on flat land without ridge formation. The process typically involves six or eight rows, with a specialized machine applying the mulch between the seedling lines rather than directly over them, making it efficient and easy to use.
Key features of this technology include in-membrane fertilization and sowing, which help reduce fertilizer volatilization and improve nutrient uptake. Water enters the membrane from the edges, minimizing evaporation and protecting beneficial organisms like earthworms. With this method, soil temperature can rise by 3–5°C, increasing effective accumulated temperature by about 300°C. Fertilizer efficiency improves by over 10%, soybean yields increase by 30%, protein content rises by 2–3%, and fat content increases by 1.2%.
**Technical Points for Mechanical Mulching**
1. **Seed Selection**: High-quality seeds are essential, with purity above 98%, germination rate over 95%, and 100% coating coverage to ensure good seed performance.
2. **Land Preparation**: Soil should be tilled to a depth of at least 25 cm, ensuring a level and fine surface suitable for both seeding and mulching, supporting smooth mechanical operations.
3. **Sowing and Fertilizing**: Use premium seed coatings and apply base fertilizers such as diammonium phosphate (120–150 kg/ha), urea (30 kg/ha), and potash (50 kg/ha). Seeds are coated before planting, and herbicides are applied after sowing.
4. **Film Application**: A 800 mm wide plastic film with a thickness of 0.008 mm is used. The film width after coating is 600–700 mm, with fertilization placed 50 mm from the edge and sowing 50 mm away from the film edge. The film must be tightly pressed against the ground, and all joints and holes must be sealed with soil.
5. **Pest and Weed Control**: Integrated techniques ensure 100% control of diseases like gray spot and leafhoppers. Pre-emergence soil treatment is prioritized, with post-emergence foliar treatments as needed, avoiding high-residue chemicals to meet green standards.
6. **Field Management**: Regular inspections and record-keeping are conducted throughout the growing cycle to monitor progress and maintain quality.
7. **Harvesting and Storage**: Single-income, single-off, single-storage, and single-processing methods are used to ensure high-quality, pure soybeans.
**Equipment Used**
The primary equipment used is the 2MFB-4A soybean mulching machine from Nenjiang Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd. This machine combines ridge cultivation and inter-row mulching, allowing for simultaneous ridge creation and four-layer film application.
**Performance Analysis**
Compared to traditional soybean farming, this mechanized mulching technique offers “four less, three high, and one flat†benefits:
- **Four Less**: Less seed input due to improved moisture retention and better plant development, reducing sowing rates by 25%. Lower weeding costs, as only 40% of normal herbicide is needed if weed growth occurs outside the film. Reduced mechanical operation costs by eliminating ridging and tilling. Lower labor input, as manual weeding is eliminated, saving around 30 yuan per hectare.
- **Three Highs**: Higher fertilizer utilization due to reduced leaching and volatilization, with better water retention enhancing nutrient absorption. Improved soybean quality, with lower disease incidence and higher commercial value. Increased efficiency through streamlined processes and reduced labor demands.
This technology not only boosts productivity but also supports sustainable and eco-friendly farming practices, making it a valuable advancement in modern agriculture.