Fertilizers are primarily applied in the form of organic materials to improve soil aeration and enhance its insulation properties. When using organic fertilizers, it's important to combine them with some fast-acting phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. However, it's advisable to avoid applying nitrogen-rich fertilizers before the cold season begins, as they may promote excessive growth that could be vulnerable to frost.
Cold damage to vegetables during winter is often caused by wind, frost, dryness, and low temperatures. To protect seedlings, materials like wheat straw, grass, or
Corn stalks are commonly used to cover the plants before winter sets in. This helps reduce the impact of cold winds near the ground and can also trap frost, which releases heat and reduces the risk of freezing. However, the amount of covering material should be limited—just a thin layer is sufficient. Overcovering can block sunlight and hinder plant development. The typical amount of straw used per mu (about 667 square meters) ranges from 100 to 200 kilograms. Once spring arrives and the soil thaws, the covering should be removed promptly to ensure proper vegetable growth.
Under similar conditions, dry soil requires more water than moist soil. Therefore, it's recommended to irrigate on sunny days before a cold front arrives. This allows the soil to absorb moisture and retain heat, which helps reduce the risk of freezing. After the cold period, once the temperature rises and the soil and roots have thawed, irrigation should be carried out to provide the necessary water for plant growth. However, the amount of water used during winter should not be excessive, as overwatering can lead to root rot and other issues.
Wind barriers are also an effective method to protect crops from cold. These barriers, typically 1.2 to 1.5 meters high, can be made from crop stalks or plastic films. Placing them on the northern side of the vegetable field helps shield the plants from harsh winds. It’s also common to install these barriers every 2 to 3 feet to maximize their protective effect.
The roots of vegetables, especially those that are tender and newly established, are highly susceptible to frost damage. If the roots freeze, the entire plant may die. To prevent this, during mild weather in mid-December, about 1,500 kilograms of livestock manure can be applied per acre. Mixing this manure into the soil around the base of the plants helps create a natural antifreeze effect, protecting the roots from extreme cold. This practice is particularly beneficial for young seedlings that are still developing their resistance to low temperatures.
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