Watermelon Efficient Cultivation Technology Measures
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Watermelons are a popular crop, and choosing the right variety is essential for successful cultivation. The selection should be based on local conditions such as climate, soil type, and fertilization practices. It's best to choose varieties that have proven strong adaptability, high yield, and superior quality over previous years. This ensures better performance and fewer challenges during growth.
Timely sowing is crucial for developing strong seedlings. Start by planting in a nursery, and ensure proper coverage during the early stages. As transplanting approaches, gradually expose the seedlings to outdoor conditions for a few days before moving them. This helps build resilience and ensures healthy, vigorous plants.
Applying the right base fertilizer is fundamental for watermelon growth. A good quality base fertilizer not only supports high yields but also improves fruit quality. For each acre, apply 1500-2000 kg of organic manure along with 25-30 kg of specialized compound fertilizer. Fertilizer should be placed in two trenches, about 30-40 cm from the center of the bed, and covered with 5 cm of soil. This method prevents root burn and promotes even nutrient absorption.
Transplanting at the right time is key to ensuring strong plant development. Seedlings should be around 30-35 days old with 3-5 true leaves before being moved. At this stage, applying diluted human urine or compost tea can help stabilize the roots and encourage faster growth.
Pest and disease control is an ongoing process. Common issues include anthracnose, blight, and fusarium wilt. Prevention starts with good field management—avoiding continuous cropping, maintaining proper drainage, and removing infected plants promptly. Chemical treatments like chlorothalonil, dithane, or Bordeaux mixture can be effective when applied correctly. Pests such as aphids, thrips, and red spiders can be managed using insecticides like dichlorvos or dimethoate.
Proper fertilization during the growing season is important to avoid excessive growth. After the initial base fertilizer, apply 200 kg of manure and 3 kg of urea during the vine extension phase. During flowering and fruit setting, extra nutrients can lead to leggy growth, which hinders fruit formation. Instead, apply 10 kg of urea, 10 kg of potassium chloride, and 40 kg of fermented cabbage cake near the base of the plant, being careful not to burn the roots.
Pruning should be done carefully to avoid stunting growth. Early pruning can weaken the plant, so it’s best to delay it until later stages. Traditional methods often involve shortening side branches, but this can lead to weak vines and poor fruit development. Proper pruning techniques promote balanced growth and better fruit production.
Artificial pollination plays a vital role in improving fruit set, especially when natural pollinators are scarce. Watermelons rely on insects for pollination, but female flowers have the highest fertility between 7-9 am. To maximize success, manually transfer pollen from male to female flowers. In rainy weather, protect the flowers with paper hats to prevent moisture from reducing pollen viability. After pollination, remove the hats once the rain stops to allow normal growth. With proper care, the fruit set rate can exceed 98%.
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