Stingray high yielding method
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Pond conditions are crucial for high-yield fish farming. A well-structured pond should have a reliable water source, efficient irrigation and drainage systems, an area of 1334–3335 m² (2–5 mu), with a depth of 1.5–2 meters. The water must be fresh, rich in dissolved oxygen, and have minimal silt at the bottom. For static ponds, an aerator is essential to maintain good water quality.
Before stocking, the pond should be drained seven days in advance and disinfected using 100 kg of fresh lime per 667 m² (1 mu). On the third day, clean water is introduced, and 901 fish nets are used to eliminate predators like leeches and cockroaches, improving the survival rate of stingrays.
Fish fry stocking involves raising yellow sturgeon seedlings from Poyang Lake, which are around 1.5 cm in early June. These are typically raised in concrete pools or small earthen ponds for about 10 days until they reach 3 cm. They are then moved to larger ponds. During this holding period, they are fed red worms and fish larvae, gradually transitioning to powdered compound feed. Stocking density depends on pond conditions and feeding capacity, generally ranging from 5,000 to 8,000 fry per 667 m². After 120–150 days of feeding, they can reach 100–150 grams, producing 500–800 kg per 667 m². Stingrays are docile and do not compete well with other fish, so it's best to mix them with larger species like bighead carp or silver carp, with a density of about 200 per 667 m², yielding up to 150 kg.
Prior to stocking, fry should be disinfected using a 3.5% salt solution or 60 mg/L formaldehyde bath for 5 minutes to remove surface pathogens. Due to high temperatures, it's advisable to use shaded cages during this process.
Feeding stingrays requires careful management. As omnivores, they thrive on high-quality, balanced feeds. Establish 2–4 feeding stations and train the fish to eat at specific times and locations. Before reaching 20 grams, feed them soft lumps made from fish meal and powder. Once they reach 20–50 grams, switch to 1.5 mm-sized feed with 35–40% crude protein. For fish over 50 grams, use 2.5 mm pellets with 30% protein.
The “four determinants†principle applies: fixed location, scheduled timing, measured quantity, and quality control. Feed 1/3 of daily rations in the morning and 2/3 in the afternoon, ensuring each session lasts about 30 minutes. Adjust feeding amounts based on water temperature and fish growth, keeping the daily feeding rate between 3% and 8%. Ensure all food is consumed within one hour. Use fresh, high-protein feeds that are nutritionally balanced and easy to digest. Under normal conditions, the feed conversion ratio is about 2.5. Wild fish resources can be used as a cost-effective alternative.
Water quality management is critical. Stingrays prefer water with at least 5 mg/L dissolved oxygen, with no less than 3 mg/L throughout most of the day. High-density stocking and excessive protein feeding can lead to poor water quality, causing oxygen depletion and even fish kills. Regular water exchange and proper aeration are necessary to keep the water clean, cool, and oxygen-rich.
Disease prevention is essential. Although stingrays are rarely affected in natural waters, intensive farming increases the risk of bacterial and parasitic diseases. Regular cleaning of feeding areas, removal of leftover food, and disinfection help prevent outbreaks. Water disinfectants such as 0.3 mg/L chlorinated lime, 20 mg/L formaldehyde, or 0.7 mg/L copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate can be used. Oral administration of furazolidone (0.5 g/kg feed) for 7 days also helps. In severe cases, a 5-minute formaldehyde bath (50–60 mg/L) is effective. Applying 15 kg of lime every two weeks per 667 m² improves water quality and prevents disease spread.