Yuan Hu's medicinal functions
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Yuan Hu, also known as Yan Husuo and Xuan Hu, is a perennial herb belonging to the Papaveraceae family. It is commonly referred to as “Zhi Ba Wei†and has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for its effects on Atractylodes macrocephala, Paeonia lactiflora, and Fritillaria. The historical record of Yuan Hu can be found in the "Kai Bao Materia Medica," where it is described as warm in nature, bitter in taste, and effective in promoting circulation, relieving qi stagnation, and alleviating pain. It is particularly renowned for its pain-relieving properties.
In the "Compendium of Materia Medica," Li Shizhen summarized four key functions of Yuan Hu: "Promoting blood circulation, regulating qi, relieving pain, and facilitating urination." He also highlighted its ability to resolve blood stasis and relieve qi blockage, making it a valuable herb in TCM.
Yuan Hu contains over 10 alkaloids, including tertiary amines such as tetrahydropalmatine and quaternary amines like dehydrogenated fumarate. Among these, tetrahydropalmatine exhibits the strongest analgesic effect and has notable sedative properties. Modern pharmacological research suggests that Yuan Hu can significantly lower the pain threshold, enhance coronary blood flow, improve myocardial ischemia, and demonstrate lipid-lowering effects in experimental models of atherosclerosis.
Due to its sedative, analgesic, and coronary-enhancing properties, large doses of Yuan Hu (up to 30 grams) are currently used in clinical settings, often combined with other herbs to achieve optimal results. This combination has shown remarkable efficacy in treating conditions such as coronary heart disease and angina pectoris, reinforcing its importance in both traditional and modern medical practices.