Advantages and disadvantages of pig breeding technology
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The "Fermented Bed Pig Raising Technology" is a modern pig farming method that has recently been introduced from Japan and South Korea. Known for its environmental benefits, zero emissions, enhanced immunity in pigs, and reduced disease occurrence, it is considered an eco-friendly, safe, and effective approach to pig farming. However, as a relatively new technique, it has faced some challenges during practical implementation. Not all farmers have achieved the desired outcomes, and there are ongoing debates about the pros and cons of this system.
**Fermentation Technology in Pig Farming**
Cheng Jingen, Deputy Director of the Animal Husbandry Department at the Ministry of Agriculture, highlights that China’s pig industry is transitioning from free-range to large-scale farming. This shift has led to serious environmental pollution issues. The fermented bed method, which offers “no odor and no pollution,†addresses these concerns effectively. The Ministry of Agriculture is currently developing standard operating procedures, including pig house design, litter preparation, and feeding guidelines. Based on pilot projects in various provinces, this technology is being promoted nationwide. In our province, hundreds of farms have already adopted this method, with widespread distribution across cities. The Science and Technology Bureau of Tangshan and Xingtai also included this technology as a key project in 2009.
**Advantages of Fermented Bed Pig Raising**
1. **Cost Reduction and Increased Efficiency**: Pigs raised on fermented beds do not require water flushing, saving up to 85-90% of water compared to traditional methods. Beneficial microorganisms in the litter improve gut health and feed conversion rates, reducing feed costs. Labor requirements are also cut by 50%, as farm workers only need to feed, turn, and manage the litter based on moisture levels. A single worker can manage up to 800 pigs efficiently.
2. **Disease Prevention and Better Environment**: Beneficial bacteria in the litter help establish a healthy microbial balance, suppressing pathogens and reducing the spread of diseases. Pigs regain natural behaviors like rooting and dust bathing, which reduces stress and improves immunity. Respiratory and digestive diseases have significantly decreased, leading to fewer antibiotic uses and better overall health.
3. **Improved Pork Quality**: Studies show that pigs raised on fermented beds have better meat quality, with increased lean meat ratios and higher nutrient content. This has led to higher market prices for fermented bed pork in certain regions.
4. **Environmental Protection and Zero Emissions**: Waste is decomposed by microorganisms, eliminating odors and reducing ammonia levels. No water is needed for cleaning, and the litter can be reused as organic fertilizer after three years. This results in a cleaner environment, improved hygiene, and a healthier living space for both pigs and farmers.
**Challenges in Fermented Bed Farming**
1. **Seasonal Issues**: In summer, high temperatures can affect pig growth, while in winter, excessive humidity may occur due to poor ventilation. Solutions include improving airflow through window adjustments or mechanical ventilation systems.
2. **Disinfection and Disease Control**: Many farmers are hesitant to disinfect the beds, fearing damage to beneficial microbes. However, research shows that the fermentation process itself provides sterilization, and limited chemical disinfection is usually sufficient.
3. **Litter Cost**: High prices for materials like sawdust and rice husks can increase costs. Local resources should be utilized to reduce expenses, and some manufacturers offer recycling services for used litter.
4. **Maintenance Effort**: Regular turning and management are required, especially with certain types of litter that may harden over time. Proper mixing of materials ensures optimal performance.
5. **Litter Lifespan**: While theoretical lifespan is around 4 years, real-world usage typically lasts 2-3 years. Factors such as proper preparation, strain selection, and management practices influence longevity.
**Three Key Elements for Successful Application**
1. **Proper Construction**: A well-designed piggery is essential for efficient litter decomposition and long-term use. Local conditions and climate must be considered when building.
2. **High-Quality Strains**: The choice of bacterial strains is critical. Only approved, high-quality strains should be used to ensure effectiveness and longevity.
3. **Comprehensive Service Support**: A full-service provider offering guidance, training, and maintenance is crucial for the long-term success of the system.
Overall, the fermented bed pig raising technology represents a promising future for sustainable and efficient pig farming, with clear environmental and economic benefits.