Outdoor fly maggot farming
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Outdoor fly maggot farming is generally less productive and less stable compared to indoor three-dimensional breeding systems, but it requires lower initial investment and is easier to set up. This method can be carried out within the province from mid-May to mid-October, making it a seasonal activity that aligns with warmer weather conditions.
For a simple and easy-to-construct farm, it's best to locate it away from residential areas, in shaded locations with some exposure to natural light and wild flies. The area should be sized based on the required daily output of fly larvae, typically around 0.5 kilograms per square meter. If the site is an old building without proper shelter, it’s advisable to provide rain protection. A 1.2-meter-high nylon mesh fence should be installed around the area to keep out chickens, ducks, and other animals. Hanging nets or fishing nets can also be used to help trap and contain the flies.
The aquaculture ponds are typically made of concrete floors, with each pond measuring between 0.5 to 2 square meters and having a 20 cm high edge. It's recommended to have 10 to 12 nursery ponds. Each day, two new ponds are filled with manure, and after 5 to 6 days of breeding, the first two ponds are harvested on the 6th or 7th day. These are then replaced with fresh manure, and the cycle continues.
The manure mix is usually composed of 70% fresh pig manure and 30% fresh chicken manure, both within a three-day window. It's best to use manure from pigs and chickens that have been fed with pollution-free, full-price feed. In general, duck, goose, cow, sheep, and horse manure can also be used, though mixing two or three types tends to yield better results.
Other options include 100% of the digestive tract contents (including feces) from slaughterhouse pigs, or from other animals as well. Another formula uses 75% pig manure and 25% tofu residue. A third option includes 50% chicken manure, 25% pig manure, and 25% tofu residue. Pig or chicken manure can also be used alone, although the results may not be as effective.
Each day, the manure from any of these formulas is mixed and placed on the concrete floor of the breeding area between 4 and 5 p.m. It is then formed into three piles, each measuring 80 cm long, 20 cm wide, and 15 cm high.
To encourage egg-laying, flies are placed on the dung heaps along with materials such as dead fish and their internal organs, hatching eggs (cooked), or a mixture of 1 kg of wheat bran, 100 g of fishmeal, 150 g of peanut cake, and 15 liters of water. Alternatively, 0.5 kg of animal blood from a slaughterhouse mixed with 1 kg of wheat bran (or rice bran) can be used. Human feces is another option, though it must be handled carefully.
Once the fly eggs are placed on the dung heap, people should avoid walking around the area to prevent disturbing the process. Soon, a large number of fly eggs will be laid. In the evening, a small amount of wheat bran is spread over the eggs to increase the hatching rate.
To ensure the flies remain near the breeding area and do not fly away, fresh manure and fly eggs should be added every day. Regularly replacing the fly-laying medium enhances the trapping effect and improves overall productivity.
It’s important to note that since this is outdoor breeding, the fly species is wild, and the culture medium consists of human and animal waste. Therefore, the collected maggots must be sterilized before being used as feed. Additionally, flies raised from different animal excreta should be fed with appropriate species. For example, flies raised from pig or cow dung should be fed with fish, while those raised from pig or chicken manure can be used to feed poultry or aquatic animals.