In July, rainfall significantly influenced the occurrence of corn leaf blight. When the infected plant rate reached 70%, the disease started to spread upward from the lower leaves. Early rainfall led to an earlier increase in infected plants, while late rainfall delayed the outbreak. Once the infected plant rate hit 70% and the infected leaf rate reached 20%, a severe outbreak could occur within 15 days after moderate to heavy rain. If the infected plant rate climbed to 100% and the infected leaf rate was 30%, further preventive measures were necessary during rainy periods. This included removing 1–2 diseased leaves from the base of the corn plants and destroying them. Fungicides such as 50% carbendazim or 70% thiophanate at a 500-fold dilution, or mancozeb at 800 times dilution, should be applied for effective control.
For maize large spot disease, it is important to monitor the main cultivated varieties and fields with growing corn. Five sampling points were selected to assess the number of infected plants, the number of leaves per plant, and the severity of each plant. When the general disease rate reaches 100% and the infected leaf rate is 30%, and there is a rainfall event, preventive spraying can be carried out. A suitable option is 12% copper oxychloride, which helps manage the disease effectively.
For corn round spot disease, susceptible corn varieties were selected, and five sampling points were established. At each point, 10 samples were checked for the infected plant rate and the number of infected leaves per plant. To control the disease, spraying with 25% triadimefon diluted between 500–800 times was recommended, especially during the tasseling stage.
Corn smut disease requires prompt action. Infected ears should be cut off immediately to prevent further spread.
Maize virus diseases, such as corn stunt and dwarf mosaic (flower mosaic streak), are transmitted by planthoppers and aphids. The population of these pests is closely linked to the presence of weeds in the field. Additionally, the level of infection in SBPH and aphids correlates with the severity of wheat bush dwarf disease. Therefore, the occurrence of maize virus disease can be predicted based on the prevalence of wheat bush dwarf disease. Prevention involves controlling weeds and pests to reduce the risk of serious virus outbreaks. During field inspections, any suspicious diseased plants should be removed immediately and treated with antiviral agents like 5% virus inhibitors.
Corn borers require careful monitoring of egg hatching and larval damage. It is crucial to target the first generation of larvae during their vulnerable early stages. Bt emulsion can be used in granular form, or Beauveria bassiana granules can be sprinkled into the corn's whorl to kill newly hatched larvae.
Corn beetles, particularly the red edge moth, cause significant damage to corn fields. In late July, the number of eggs and larvae on 100 plants was monitored. If more than 500 eggs were found or if over 15% of the ears showed signs of damage, immediate treatment was required. Newly hatched larvae tend to cluster and cause concentrated damage. After the larvae have developed, manual removal or pesticide spraying can be effective in reducing infestations.
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