Laver artificial cultivation

First, the artificial cultivation of seaweed growth process

The artificial cultivation of seaweed is divided into two stages: the growth of filaments and the development of fronds.

Filament culturing stage: In the late spring, the matured fronds are subjected to dry stimulation, and then put into a container filled with seawater to release the fruit spores. When the amount of discharge reaches the requirement, remove the fronds. The spore water is sprayed in a certain proportion in a cultivation pond where the shells have been placed, and the fruit spores are attached to the shells, and the germination is drilled into the shells to grow into a filamentous body. When the water temperature falls in the fall, the shell of the shell matures and disperses the shell spores. The villiglan net curtain is placed in the culture pond to collect seedlings, and the water is constantly stirred to make the shell spores evenly adhere to the net curtain, and then hangs on the artificial truss at sea, that is, Enter the frond development stage. During the process of culturing the filaments, shells, water changes, fertilization, and dimming are regularly washed to ensure normal growth and development.

Foliar development phase: There are three cultivation methods: 1 pillar cultivation. In the intertidal flats suitable for the growth of fronds, parallel stakes or bamboo piles are used as pillars, and net curtains are hung horizontally on pillars for cultivation. This method has a low yield of 100 grams to 500 grams of seaweed produced per square meter of net curtain, and China has not used it. It is still an important production method in Japan. 2 Semi-floating rake cultivation. The semi-floating truss can float on the surface of the water during high tide, and when the tide is exposed to the surface of the truss, it can be erected on the beach with short legs. The semi-floating truss is set at a certain tidal level in the intertidal zone, and the web curtain hangs horizontally in the truss space. Because the net curtain can be exposed during the ebb tide, and the sun (known as dry dew), the algae is not easy to attach, which is beneficial to the occurrence and growth of the laver seedlings, and the growth period is long. The output of the laver is high and the quality is good. Each square meter of the net curtain Production of seaweed 500 grams to 1000 grams. 3 Full floating pod cultivation. This is suitable for shallow sea cultivation. The net curtain hangs horizontally in the space of the curtain, and the net curtain floats on the water during cultivation. If it is well emerged and properly managed, the yield is similar to the semi-floating model. However, because the net curtain does not dry out, it is unfavorable to the healthy growth of the fronds and to the inhibition of the growth of the algae. Therefore, the net curtain must be properly exposed within 20 days to 30 days after the net curtain is under the sea.

When the fronds grow to about 20 cm, they should be harvested and processed. The alpine porphyra began harvesting in mid-November, and Porphyra yezoensis was later. Usually 10 days to 14 days can be harvested once, about harvest 7 to 8 times.

Second, common diseases of seaweed cultivation process

The common diseases in the process of filamentous growth are: maculopathy, muddy red disease, green disease, white circle disease, tortrichia disease, shark skin disease, erythrocytic disease and white spot disease. Maculopathy and muddy red disease are microbial diseases; greening disease is a physiological disease. If the disease does not occur after the onset of the disease, the filaments will die in large numbers. When the maculopathy occurs, many round yellow spots are produced on the surface of the shell, and then the continuation gradually enlarges. Can use 1.005 low-density seawater soaked for two days or freshwater soak 1 day, can also be used 10ppm sulfanilic acid soak for 15 hours or 2ppm potassium permanganate soak for 15 hours are valid, can also be used bleaching powder treatment. Mud disease disease when the surface of the shell was muddy red, hand touch with a sticky feeling, smelly smell. The shell can be washed with 0.01% bleach or soaked in a low-density seawater of 1.005 for two days to inhibit the spread of the disease. The green surface of shellfish is yellow-green on the surface, and it turns white after death. This disease is caused by inadequate nutrition. Nutrients should be added and light should be reduced appropriately. Filamentous diseases occur in the season when the water temperature is high, especially when the cultivated seawater is not strictly treated. Therefore, strict filtration and sedimentation of cultivated seawater are important conditions to prevent the occurrence of diseases.

The common diseases in the frond development process are: scab, brucellosis, white rot, chlorosis, cancer, and rotten disease. It is prone to occur when the truss emissions from the sea area are excessive. Red rot is caused by rot and mildew. On the onset of disease, there are small red spots on the fronds, which expand rapidly and the fronds continuously fall off from the lesions. You can use acid and alkalinity surfactants, non-ionic surfactants to kill the mycelia, but also can increase the frond's dry out time to suppress the disease at the beginning of the disease. The cold storage method can also remove some germs. C. tympani has not been found in China. White rot is caused by dry out of the fronds, poor water flow, and lack of light. In the early stage of disease, the front of the frond becomes red, and then it turns yellow and green, gradually festering and losing. Evacuation of the float frame and net curtain should not be too close, the net curtain should be tight, enough drying time should be ensured, timely harvesting, and the smooth flow of water can suppress the disease. The green color of the fronds turns green, and the rot decays. Dropping the water layer and applying fertilizer in time before onset can prevent or slow the loss of green disease. When the onset of cancer disease frond shrinkage, yellow and black, dull, thick leather-like. Most of the disease is caused by the discharge of waste water from the factory, causing the seawater to contain toxic substances. The sources of pollution in the sea area should be eliminated or the cultivation in these sea areas should be avoided. Rotten seedling disease usually occurs at the time of seedlings. The juvenile algae gradually fades, the tip of the juveniles turns white, and the algae are bent and rotted. When picking seedlings to prevent excessive density, truss layout should be reasonable. The method of refrigerating the net into the cold storage before the onset of the disease in Japan is very effective.

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