In modern pig farming, the focus is often on the nutritional content per kilogram of feed, while the actual daily feeding amount is frequently overlooked. Even if the breeder formulates feed according to the required nutritional levels, failing to provide an adequate quantity can lead to several problems. The pigs may not receive enough nutrients for optimal growth, resulting in extended feeding periods and reduced feed efficiency. Alternatively, they might overeat, causing digestive issues and feed wastage. Therefore, it's crucial to combine scientific feed formulation with proper feeding practices to maximize feed utilization.
For finishing pigs, the daily feed amount is typically around 4% of their body weight. For lean pigs weighing over 60 kg, this can be adjusted to about 3.5% of their body weight. Another method involves calculating based on expected daily weight gain and feed conversion rate: daily feed amount (kg) equals daily weight gain (kg) multiplied by feed per gain (g/kg).
Moderate feeding should follow the natural growth pattern of pigs—fast growth in the middle stage and slower growth later on. To achieve better feed conversion, a straight-line fattening approach is recommended, which helps shorten the feeding period and conserve feed. Mixing fine, green, and coarse feeds, along with using raw mixed feeds, can also improve digestion. Feeding twice a day reduces energy expenditure and minimizes feed loss due to excessive movement from frequent feeding.
Maintaining a suitable environment is essential. Piggeries should be clean, dry, and well-ventilated, with temperatures ideally between 17°C and 21°C. This creates a comfortable climate that supports healthy growth, reduces disease risk, and enhances feed efficiency.
Disease prevention is another key factor. Regular deworming and pest control are necessary to minimize illness and its associated feed waste. Many pigs suffer from chronic diseases or parasites, which can significantly reduce feed utilization. Vaccination and consistent deworming programs are vital to ensure the pigs remain healthy throughout their growth cycle.
Finally, timely slaughter plays a major role in feed efficiency. As pigs grow, their nutrient requirements shift from lean muscle and bone development to fat accumulation. After reaching around 60 kg, fat growth outpaces lean meat, requiring more feed to produce the same weight gain. Therefore, the longer the feeding period, the lower the feed efficiency. For most hybrid pigs, the ideal slaughter weight is 90–100 kg, while native breeds are best slaughtered at 85 kg, and less developed breeds at around 75 kg. Slaughtering at these optimal weights ensures maximum feed utilization and profitability.
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