Yam cultivation and management techniques
Yam is a perennial herbaceous plant with short stems, erect roots, and meaty hypertrophy. It is cylindrical and rod-shaped. It can grow up to 1m in length, has a diameter of 2 to 7cm, and is gray-brown in color. It has many fibrous roots, is brittle, and has a white cross-section. . Stalks are slender, usually purplish, ridged, smooth and glabrous. Leaves opposite or three rounds of birth, Ye Yan often plant buds "zero more", commonly known as "yam beans." Its leaf shape is variable, triangular-oval or triangular-oval, 3.5 to 7 cm long, usually trifid, lateral lobes rounded, middle lobe acuminate, veins 7 to 9 from leaf base. Flowering from June to August, the flowers are dioecious. The flowers are yellow-green and all are spikes. The male inflorescences are erect, the female inflorescences are drooping, and the flowers are milky white. Seeds oblate, with broad wings. Yam is not strict with the climate, and it is generally not cultivated in regions with extreme cold, but the choice of soil is strict. As yam is a deep-cultivated plant, it is better to choose sandy loam soil with deep, fertile, loose and well-drained soil. In areas where yam diseases and insect pests occur, they cannot be continued. After two years of general planting, it must be planted with other crops for a year in order to avoid the lack of seedlings and ridges. Because yams are easy to infect the virus, special attention should be paid to not turning crops with viruses. In addition, the land with root-cancer disease should not be cultivated. After infection, the roots of yams grow poorly and are difficult to process, affecting the yield and quality. First, reproduce There are many cultivars of yams and they should be selected for breeding. Propagation materials can be used buds and reeds. Zhu Zhu is mainly used for seedlings, providing Lutou for the next year's production; Lutou is used to produce yams. The use of Lutou for many years is likely to cause degradation, so it needs to be updated once every 2 to 3 years. Bud propagation: In the late October, when the yam shoots are chlorosis, the bulbous buds are harvested, and large, round, non-invasive, disease-free buds are selected. They are stored in dry sand in the house and prevented from freezing damage in winter. In spring, the climate warms up in the following spring. In the middle and lower months of the month, spacing 18 to 24cm, 2 to 3 seeds per 10cm, planting depth 6 ~ 9cm, after planting watering, about half a month, the seedlings can be unearthed, dug out in the fall, ready for planting , also known as round head planted. Lutou breeding: When digging yams in winter, choose a short neck, full buds, stout yam ruddy without diseases and pests, the election length of about 12 ~ 18cm squat down, 4 ~ 5 angels wound healing, and then save the sand. The storage method is to lay a layer of river sand in the house, about 15cm in thickness, and then lay a layer of reed head, 15cm thick, and cover sand 9~12cm. This layer of sand and a layer of reeds should be piled to 60~ When the height is 90cm, the cover is covered with sand and the grass can be covered for the winter. However, room temperature should not be too high, generally about 5 °C is better. When the spring is frozen, it can be planted when there is no frost at night. Second, planting Apply basal fertilizer when planting, deep-deep 24 ~ 30 cm, fine leveling, making flat rake. Planting methods are divided into single and double lines, spacing 30-45cm, planting 15-18cm planting ditch planting, ditch depth 15cm, width 18cm, Lutou flat laying trench, or double rows of each groove, placed adult font, so that Lu The head is on both sides of the middle line of the ditch. Every 3cm apart, the decomposed manure is applied and the earth is covered with soil. After a little repression, it is filled with water after planting. Third, top dressing and watering, drainage When the height of seedlings is 30cm, a scaffold can be erected to allow the vine stems to grow upwards, maintain good ventilation, and reduce pests and diseases. Due to the more prosperous growth in summer, it is necessary to pay attention to sub-fertilizer in different times. Fertilizer can be applied to or applied to the rhizophore in combination with watering. In the summer, drainage should also be taken care of. Otherwise, the soil is too wet to affect the growth of the root group, and it easily grows into the roots, affecting the roots. The yield; but the soil is too dry will reduce the yield, so in the growing season should pay attention to timely watering drainage. IV. Pest Control The main diseases and pests of yams are anthrax and brown spot, which are generally severe during the rainy season and should be treated with caution. Anthrax: Harmful stems and leaves. The victim's stems and leaves produce small spots of brown subsidence, with irregular bands and small black spots. Control methods: (1) After harvest, the diseased leaves of the stubble were concentrated and burned; (2) soaked with 1:1:150 Bordeaux mixture for 10 minutes before transplanting; (3) sprayed with 65% Zelenzol 500 times on the onset or 50% of the bacteriocin 800 to 1000 times liquid, 7 days once, 2 or 3 times in a row. Brown spot: damage leaves. Leaf lesions are irregular, brown, scattered black spots, sometimes perforation. Rain and earthworms are a serious hazard. Control methods: (1) Regular rotation, and clean the garden, eliminate the source of overwintering bacteria; (2) Spray 65% ​​on behalf of the Sensen 500 times solution or 50% dinitrate 200 times at the beginning of the disease, 7 days once, continuous 2 ~ 3 times. V. Harvest processing After the end of October, when the above-ground seedlings are turning yellow, first collect the buds, then remove the brackets, go to the net vine leaves, and then excavate, taking care not to dig. When harvesting, the top of the head is taken off and planted. The roots of the small part are washed and freshly rubbed with a bamboo knife to shave the outer rough skin and placed in a mortar to be smoked with sulfur for 12 to 24 hours until the yam becomes soft and the sun comes out. Or bake until the skin dries, then stop baking, stacking and sweating, and then repeatedly drying and sweating several times until it is completely dry, that is, Mao yam. Choose thick and straight hairy yam, and infiltrate evenly with clear water and put it on a flat plate. Use wood to press on yam and rub it to make it into a cylindrical shape. Then, both ends are cut and the dampness is re-smoked with sulfur. When it is dried, it is light yam. Choose a large and then smoked with sulfur for 12 to 24 hours, dried or dried, and then packed in wooden boxes or pots, stored in a dry and ventilated place, to prevent rats from eating and damp moldy. Six, quality identification Mao yam is slightly cylindrical, slightly curved slightly flat, generally 10 to 25cm long, 1 to 3cm in diameter, the surface is white, some with vertical grooves wrinkled, and some slightly flat, has not been full of cork fibrous roots deep with Light brown patches or dots, both ends are not flush; solid quality, white cross-section, rich in silt, granular, no wood fiber tissue, sweet, light, slightly acidic. Light yam is cylindrical, generally 10 to 20cm long and 1 to 3cm in diameter. The surface is white and smooth with two ends truncated and the other is the same as Mao Ya Yao. Both types of yams are uniform, solid, powdery, and white. The quality is loose, the powder is small, and the color is yellow and white. Not peeled, loose, brown color should not be used as medicine. Chilli Whole,Dried Chilli Whole,Dried Hot Chilli,Dried Chilli Pods Xinghua Dongbao Foods Co.,Ltd , https://www.xhdongbaofoods.com