Tomato umbilical rot is caused by calcium deficiency
Tomato fruit rot rot, also known as peduncle rot, and top rot, is a common physiological disease in tomato production and has a wide distribution. Tomato umbilical rot is a common physiological disease in high temperature and drought season, which seriously affects the yield and quality of tomato, which is mainly caused by calcium deficiency in fruits. The newspaper invited experts to analyze the symptoms and characteristics of the disease for readers' reference. Tomato umbilical rot symptoms and characteristics The diseased part was the most typical fruit. In the fruit enlargement period, the top part appeared necrosis and appeared black rot. With the enlargement of the fruit, the necrosis part increased correspondingly, and rot caused mold, forming a black rot. The farmers generally called it a symptom. For "black plaster." In addition to the fruit, the upper leaves also appear yellow, the tip of the leaf blade is wilting, the petiole is twisted, and the plant growth point is severely necrotic; the root symptoms, firstly the root tip cells are poorly developed, and then appear necrosis. Symptoms: Mainly occurring at the tops of fruit and roots, stems, and leaves of fruit during the fruit enlargement period; first, cell tissue is softened, followed by mold infestation, and after extensive analysis using tissue anatomy and testing, This is a physiological deficiency caused by the lack of calcium in tomato tissues. The original disease was not caused by the bacteria. Why tomato umbilical rot is caused by physiological calcium deficiency A corresponding analysis of the physiological functions and distribution of calcium in the plant and the symptoms of the site and tissue softness and decay of tomato umbilical rot can reveal the causal relationship between the two. Tomato is a kind of hi-calcium crop, which requires more calcium and more than 10 times more calcium than monocotyledonous plants. The calcium absorbed by the root is mainly distributed in the mesangium layer of the cell wall, followed by the external measurement of the cytoplasmic membrane. Once the calcium-deficient middle adhesive layer becomes soft, the cell wall is severely disintegrated, and the cell membrane is incomplete and leakage occurs, allowing the fungal hyphae to invade and the softness of the plant tissue to be subsequently rotted. Why is the disease site concentrated on the top of the fruit, the plant's buds and root tips? This is related to the transport characteristics of calcium in the body. First of all, calcium is transported from the root to the essential parts of shoots, leaves, and fruits in the shoots, mainly driven by transpiration. The magnitude of transpiration intensity is directly related to the amount of calcium supplied. The transpiration of the young parts of the tomato, including the apical buds, lateral buds, and root tips, is small. Calcium, which is supplied by transpiration, rarely causes calcium deficiency at these sites. As for the tomato, the transpiration of the fleshy fruit is weak, especially the transpiration at the top of the fruit is weaker. , so it is prone to calcium deficiency. In addition, among various nutrients, calcium is an element that has the lowest transport activity in phloem. This feature makes calcium re-distribution and redistribution in plants very weak. Even if the old leaves and mature leaves have calcium enrichment, it is difficult. Transport to fruit and young leaves, root tips, and growing points. This will inevitably lead to the emergence of umbilical rot. The growing tendency of tomato umbilical rot to accelerate the screening of physiological deficiencies and advances in prevention and control technology in production Since the original cause of umbilical rot disease is not caused by bacteria, it is caused by organ-induced calcium deficiency. This is a symptom of tomato physiological calcium deficiency. The scientific treatment is not the use of pesticides for bactericidal treatment but the solution to the supply of calcium. How to supply inactive calcium to organs that lack it? There are generally two types of methods, one of which is the conventional method of direct supply of calcium, and the other of which is to increase the transportation power of calcium and promote the absorption and transportation of calcium to achieve the same purpose. Application of calcium fertilizer is a way to control tomato umbilical rot When growing tomatoes in sandy soils with low levels of acidic soils and organic matter, fertilizers containing calcium are generally used in the base fertilizer, and calcium superphosphate, nitric acid, etc. may be selected. In the southern soil, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer may be used for slaked lime. In soils where soil active calcium is not lacking, and in greenhouses in autumn and winter, when the tomato fruit is inflated, spraying 0.2% calcium nitrate, 0.4% calcium chloride, or various chelated calcium can improve the calcium content by 2 to 3 times. The supply slows down the occurrence of umbilical rot. Adopting a comprehensive prevention and control method that adjusts the ecological factors of dry and wet, but also effective In the open field and greenhouse cultivation, water management during fruit enlargement period can reduce the incidence of umbilical rot in time, because the drought not only affects the absorption of calcium but also causes calcium transport difficulties. High-density planting is again under air-humid conditions, which results in the occurrence of umbilical rot due to poor transpiration, especially in greenhouse cultivation. Secondary salinization of vegetable land, high soil salinity, or excessive application of fertilizers, but also the high concentration of soil solution, coupled with irrigation is not timely, will promote the increase of umbilical rot. Partial application of nitrogen fertilizer causes plants to grow long, and aggravation of the lack of calcium can also cause umbilical rot. Seedlings are not neat, resulting in water management is not all reasonable, it can also lead to the occurrence of partial plant umbilical rot. Interlocking Intramedullary Nail,Femur Interlocking Nail,Bone Steel Plate,Interlocking Nail Instruments Jiangsu Health Medical Technology Development Co., Ltd. , https://www.medicalhos.com