Early Spring Orchard Management Techniques
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First, timely and accurately spray a good eradicator. In the germination period (bud enlargement, loose scales) is the active period of overwintering pests and diseases, spraying once eradicator is the most critical one-year medication for fruit trees (perennial economic crops). It can be used as a high-concentrated strong clearing agent - 30% diesel oil sulfur microemulsion 800 times or self-fried stone sulfur, the concentration of Baume 3-5 degrees. When spraying, it requires meticulous attention. Every part of the tree body and the tree plate floor must be sprayed.
Second, early application of precipitating fertilizer. Before the germination in early spring, the roots of the fruit trees have begun to move. To ensure that the sprouts are neat and the growth of the new shoots is robust, appropriate amounts of pre-harvest fertilizer are applied. Generally can apply urea or ternary compound fertilizer 10-15 kg. During the year, the intensive use of basal fertilizer may be reduced or not applied.
Third, shallow overturned tree topsoil. The role of shallow overturning, in addition to improving soil structure and improving soil moisture, it is even more important to dismantle pest and disease habitats. Because earthworms, beetles, golden needleworms, ground tigers and other underground pests survive in the soil in winter; peach pests, aphids, and other pests prefer to lay eggs in the ground joints, weeds, or overwinter in maggots, larvae, and other forms. Therefore, ploughing the garden early, digging up the pine tree tray, turning the insects to the ground to freeze them or eating them out of the birds will have a greater effect on reducing the pests and diseases of the year. Pay attention to the time when plowing, the surface of the soil, dead leaves, fallen leaves, weeds, etc. will be buried together in the soil, so that the pathogenic bacteria on it no longer repeat infection.
Fourth, timely flower buds and grafted varieties. From the situation of the fruit tree growth in autumn last year, many pear orchards (especially the Cuiguan pear) in our district have a phenomenon of autumn flowers. The number of flower buds is obviously insufficient, which will affect the output of this year. The pear gardens that did not make up the flower buds during the year should be patched in time before sprouting to ensure the output this year. For some varieties of orchards that need to be improved, it is necessary to do a good job of changing the varieties in time. The best time for high grafting and changing of the species: deciduous fruit trees before germination (late February); evergreen fruit trees before the new shoots (late March to early April).
Fifth, make a good cut, sparse flower bud work. When the buds sprout, cut the fruit tree once. Cut off too many flower buds, useless buds, excessive dense branches, overlapping branches. In particular, Evergreen and other evergreen fruit trees, pruning at this time is very important, through pruning, cut dead branches, no flower branches, drooping branches, improve the structure of the crown and the results of the year has a direct effect. When grape pruning, it is necessary to prevent injury, so make an early cut.