Application of Laser Technology in Farmland Leveling Project
Precision agriculture is a new trend in the development of agriculture in the world today. It consists of ten systems: global positioning systems, farmland information collection systems, farmland remote sensing monitoring systems, farmland geographic information systems, agricultural expert systems, intelligent agricultural implement systems, and environmental monitoring systems. , system integration, network management system and training system. The core is to establish a perfect farmland geographic information system (GIS), which can be said to be a new type of agriculture that combines information technology with agricultural production. Precision agriculture does not overemphasize high yields, but mainly emphasizes benefits. It brings agriculture into the digital and information age and is an important development direction of agriculture in the 21st century. The application of laser technology in farmland land leveling is one of the contents of the intelligent agricultural implement system. Here is a brief introduction: Land leveling on farms in reclamation areas has been conducted using conventional methods, using bulldozers, graders, scrapers, loaders, and excavators, etc., to carry out operations on farmland basic construction machinery. This can only be achieved by roughing, that is, the so-called “field flats, small uneventiesâ€. ". In order to improve the leveling accuracy of the land, Xi'an Vision Intelligent Control Co., Ltd. introduced the use of laser technology to accurately level the fields. 1 The working principle and structure of the laser flat system Using the rotating beam emitted by the laser emitter, a light plane is formed on the positioning height of the work site. This light plane is the reference plane of flattened land during the operation of the flat unit, and the light surface can be horizontal or horizontally inclined ( For grading operations). The laser receiver is mounted on the telescopic rod near the edge of the blade, and the fixed distance from the laser beam to the blade is the benchmark for elevation measurement. When the receiver detects the laser signal, it continuously sends an electrical signal to the control box. After the control box receives the electrical signal of elevation change, it is automatically corrected. The modified electrical signal controls the hydraulic control valve to change the direction and flow of the hydraulic oil to the cylinder, and automatically controls the height of the scraping soil so that it can maintain the positioning. Elevation plane. For example, laser beam scanning above the laser receiver standard indicates that the scraping shovel blade is at the lower part of the plane flat line, the electric signal received and transmitted is corrected by the control box, and the hydraulic valve is controlled to cause the hydraulic cylinder to lift the scraper; otherwise, the scraper scrapes the soil. The shovel descends to keep the cutting edge at the positioned elevation level. 1.2 Main working parts of laser flat system The laser flat system consists of a laser emitter, a laser receiver, a control box, a hydraulic mechanism, a scraper blade, and the like. (1) Laser transmitter (battery for power supply): The transmitter is fixed on top of the tripod. Inside the laser transmitter, there is a 4mW neon laser tube. The laser tube emits a beam of red light like a pencil tip. The beam is down, passes through two mirrors, shifts the beam up, passes through a lens and becomes a parallel beam, and then goes through the prism system and turns 90. . The prism system is mounted on a rotating shaft so as to form a 360-degree laser reference plane at a certain height with a rotation speed of 300-600 r/min and an effective beam radius of 300-500 m (depending on the power). The mechanical part is mounted on a universal joint system so that the beam plane can be tilted by a predetermined gradient. (2) Laser receiver: The laser receiver is fixedly installed on the telescopic pole of the motor grader, and is connected to the control box with wires. When receiving a red beam of light from a laser emitter, the laser signal is converted into an electrical signal and fed to the control box via a connection cable. (3) Control box: The driver of the laser grader operates the control switches by the control box in the cab. Therefore, the control box should be installed at the position where the driver can easily monitor and reach the beginning of the operation control. The control box consists of: 1 three joysticks; 2 addition and subtraction switches to change the predetermined gradient in the digital display; to enable the operator to quickly schedule the required number of slopes; 3 to receive the rod lift switch to adjust the receiver rod The height; 4 diode fuse; 5 automatic, manual switch; 6 digital display, display the degree of slope reduction; 7 shovel scraper lifting switch; 8 indicates the control switch, to select the automatic or manual operation mode. (4) Hydraulic control valve: The hydraulic valve is installed on the tractor and connected with the hydraulic system of the tractor. In the self-controlled state, the control box converts the modified electrical signal, activates the solenoid valve, changes the position of the hydraulic control valve, changes the flow and flow direction of the hydraulic oil, and controls the leveling and lifting of the shovel through the expansion and contraction of the cylinder plunger. 2 Laser leveling system operation (1) Establishing a laser: First, determine the position of the laser according to the small size of the site to be scraped. If the length and width exceed 300m, the laser is placed roughly in the middle of the site. If the length and width are less than 300m, it can be installed around the site. After the laser is positioned, mount it on a supported tripod and level it. The elevation of the laser should be located 0.5 to 1 m above the highest point of the tractor's leveling unit to prevent the unit and operator from obstructing the laser beam. (2) Measurement site: Ground measurement using laser technology, one person operating the transmitter, with 3 to 5 people moving scales (each measuring point spacing is 10 ~ 20m, each piece of land arranged in rows by row), each rod ruler 3m high, it is equipped with a laser receiver that can slide up and down. The measured direction and height data of the measured points are recorded in detail, and the terrain topography of the land is drawn, and the average height of the whole land is calculated. This average elevation position, as a reference point for the ground level mechanical work, is also the initial working position of the blade shovel blade. (3) Operation: With the initial operation position of the blade as a reference, adjust the height of the laser receiver extension rod so that the laser beam emitted from the laser emitter coincides with the receiver. That is, the green light in the middle of the red, yellow, and green display lights flashes. (The red light indicates that the laser device has not received a signal; when the green light is on, it means that the receiving range is normal; when the three green lights are on, it is a horizontal; The light is on, indicating that the ground level difference has exceeded the flat range). Then, with the control switch in the automatic position, you can start the tractor leveller and start the leveling operation. (http://)
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