The Cultivation and Management Techniques of Ginkgo Street Trees
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Ginkgo biloba is a highly adaptable tree, making it an excellent choice for urban landscapes and street planting. Proper cultivation techniques are essential to ensure its healthy growth and long-term survival. Here are some key practices for growing Ginkgo as a street tree:
First, selecting high-quality seedlings is crucial. The seedlings should have strong, well-developed root systems with white or slightly reddish roots that are closely connected to the xylem. A dark root system may indicate poor health, which can delay the development of green foliage. For street planting, it's best to choose male trees or those with straight trunks and uniform shapes. The branching point should be around 3 meters from the ground to allow for clear space beneath the canopy.
Second, planting should take place in early spring before the buds begin to open. The soil should be deep, fertile, and rich in organic matter (1% to 3%). It’s recommended to mix composted organic fertilizer into the bottom of the planting hole, then cover it with 20 cm of well-rotted soil to avoid burning the roots. If the weather is dry, fill the planting hole with water and let it dry before placing the tree. Ginkgo is typically planted with a root ball, and it should be placed at a shallow depth—ideally level with the original soil line or just slightly above it to prevent root rot.
Third, proper watering and fertilization are important during the initial stages. Water the tree every 5 to 7 days after planting, but once it has established, reduce watering unless the weather is extremely dry. Watering before bud break in spring is beneficial, and a second watering in May can help promote growth. During rainy seasons, adjust watering based on conditions. Ginkgo is drought-tolerant, but good drainage is essential to avoid root rot. In spring and autumn, apply organic fertilizer using a ring or hole method outside the canopy, followed by watering. Ginkgo has unique characteristics like false dormancy and suspended life, where it may not show signs of growth for several years, yet remains alive. This is why people often say, "Ginkgo doesn’t live in three years, and it doesn’t die in three years."
Fourth, pruning and pest control are minimal for Ginkgo. Before transplanting, light pruning can help reduce stress, removing any dead or crowded branches. Once established, Ginkgo grows slowly and rarely needs heavy pruning. Weeding is important to reduce competition and improve soil aeration. Ginkgo is generally resistant to pests and diseases, but in hot, dry summers, young trees may suffer from sunburn or bacterial infections. Using shade nets or Bordeaux mixture can help prevent these issues. Crickets may occasionally be a problem, but overall, Ginkgo is easy to care for and makes an excellent urban tree species.
In conclusion, successful cultivation of Ginkgo as a street tree requires attention to planting depth, soil quality, watering, and careful monitoring of growth patterns. With proper care, Ginkgo can thrive for many years, offering beauty and resilience to city environments.