The technology of cultivation of the fungus
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The fungus, known as a vine from the Kwai flowering genus, is characterized by its thickened, elastic leaves that are flavorful, slippery, and delicious, resembling fungi in texture and appearance, which is why it's called "fungus." Here, we present the cultivation techniques for this edible plant:
First, the cultivation method.
1. **Live Cultivation**: For seedlings, use 6 to 8 kilograms of seeds per acre. Soak the seeds for 1 to 2 days before sowing, and germinate them at around 30°C. After about 40 days, when the seedlings reach a height of 10 to 15 cm, they can be harvested.
2. **Seedling Transplanting**: Prepare a good seedbed and sow dried seeds. At around 28°C, germination usually occurs within 3 to 5 days. If the ground temperature is low, pre-germinate the seeds before planting. Maintain a slightly lower temperature during the seedling stage, and transplant when there are 4 to 5 true leaves. Space the young shoots 20 to 25 cm apart with a plant spacing of 15 to 20 cm. For leaf production, maintain a row spacing of 60 cm and a plant spacing of 25 to 35 cm, keeping 3,000 to 4,000 plants per mu.
Second, **selecting varieties**. It's important to choose high-quality, high-yield, disease-resistant varieties such as red stem fungus or green stem fungus.
Third, **field management**.
1. **Harvesting practices**: Since the plant is primarily grown for its tender shoots, harvest the top growth when the seedlings reach 30 to 35 cm. Cut off the base, leaving 3 to 4 leaves, and retain two strong lateral buds to encourage new growth. When harvesting two shoots, leave 2 to 4 lateral shoots for further development. During the growing season, each plant can have 5 to 8 robust lateral shoots. In the mid to late season, remove any small shoots to promote better growth. Retain 2 to 4 lateral shoots for leaf hypertrophy.
2. **For leaf production**, support the vines on trellises when the seedlings reach about 30 cm in height. Leave the main vine and at least two strong lateral vines at the base to form the backbone. When reaching the top of the trellis, prune and redirect growth. After each harvest, ensure the soil is cultivated regularly. Alternatively, you can harvest without pruning.
3. **Weeding and soil cultivation**: After direct seeding or transplanting, perform timely weeding and soil cultivation to prevent weeds from competing for nutrients.
4. **Fertilization and irrigation**: Apply a base fertilizer such as composted manure or livestock waste. Top-dress with decomposed manure or urea solution. Keep the soil moist after emergence and water regularly. After each harvest, apply 300 kg of human manure or 10 kg of urea per mu. Drain water promptly during the rainy season to avoid waterlogging.
5. **Pest control**: Common diseases include brown spot, which can be controlled by spraying 72% Kocide WP diluted 500–600 times or 68.75% Yibao dispersible granules at 800–1000 times. For Spodoptera litura (cutworm) damage, spray pyrethroid insecticides when larvae are in the 1st to 2nd instar. Root-knot nematodes may occur in continuous cropping; rotating crops can help reduce this issue.
Fourth, **scientific harvesting**.
When there are 4 to 5 true leaves, the plant can be harvested in succession. To harvest young shoots, cut the base with scissors when the seedling reaches 30 to 35 cm, leaving two true leaves. Harvest side branches when they have 5 to 6 true leaves using the same method. For leaf harvesting, collect the first 15 to 20 days, then every 10 to 15 days in the middle growth period, and every 7 to 10 days later. Ensure the leaves are fully developed but not yet mature. The average yield of young shoots or leaves per mu ranges between 2,000 and 4,000 kg.