Technical points for efficient planting management of cowpea in greenhouse

How to plant green beans? What are the key points? Kidney beans are called beans in the hometown of Xiaobian, which is a common dish on people's table. The use of greenhouse technology to grow cowpeas can achieve higher yields and quality, and achieve higher economic benefits. So, how do you grow cowpeas in a greenhouse? Huinong.com has compiled the high-efficiency planting techniques of greenhouse beans as follows.

First, select excellent varieties

For the cultivation of cowpea greenhouses, it is necessary to choose excellent varieties that are precocious, disease-resistant, high-quality, good in commodity, and strong in adaptability. In 2011, the Anyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences conducted a comparative experiment on the cowpea varieties in the greenhouse in the experimental field of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The tests showed that the varieties with better performance in the spring greenhouse were: Anzhen No.1, Lianyi No.1, Zhecui No.2, Zhen Yu Zaosheng No. 2, Zhe Cui No. 5, Anzhen No. 2, etc.

Second, scientific fertilization and land preparation

Cowpea should not be used continuously. It is best to choose a field that does not grow bean crops for 3 years. Cultivation of cowpeas in greenhouses, long growing period, high yield, large amount of fertilizer, should be applied to the base fertilizer. Applying the base fertilizer before the preparation of the ground, apply 5,000 kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, 50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer, 20-30 kg of superphosphate, and 15 kg of potassium sulfate. Cowpea land should be deep-plowed by early ploughing to achieve fine soil preparation to improve soil water retention and fertility, improve soil structure, and improve soil fertility. Deep ploughing, sorghum, squat 1.2 meters wide, covered with mulch. Covering the mulch can increase the low temperature and promote root growth.

Third, cultivate strong seedlings

In order to ensure that Miao Qi Miao Zhuang, greenhouse cultivation generally adopts seedling transplanting method. Commonly used nutrition é’µ, paper é’µ or made of nutritious earth, seedlings in greenhouses, greenhouses, can be matured 7-10 days earlier than live broadcast. The seedling method is as follows:

1. Preparation of seedbed: Firstly prepare nutrient soil, use 6 parts of fertile garden soil that has not been planted with bean vegetables, add 4 parts of fully decomposed organic fertilizer, add 0.1% ternary compound fertilizer, and mix well. Put the nutrient soil into a nutrient bowl with a diameter of 8 cm and swing it flat on the seedbed.

2. Sowing at the right time: Early seedling cultivation of cowpea in the greenhouse is usually planted in March 5th. Seeds should be selected before sowing, and the damaged, germinated, immature and under-filled seeds should be removed, and the seeds with large, full, neat size, uniform color and luster, and no mechanical damage should be selected. Sowing seeds for 1 to 2 days, choose to sow in sunny days, before sowing, the seedbed is now soaked in water, sowing 2-3 grains per stalk, the upper cover sifting fine soil 1.5 cm, buckle small arch shed, night cover grass fence, grass grid It is necessary to cover it early in the evening.

3. Seedling management: maintain high temperature before emergence, 26-28 °C during the day, 18-20 °C during the night; lower temperature after emergence, 20-25 °C during the day, 13-15 °C during the night, with the increase of temperature It is necessary to gradually increase the degree of wind resistance. Low temperature refining is carried out within 7-10 days before planting, 15-20 °C during the day and 10-15 °C during the night. 20-25 days after sowing, when the first pair of true leaves are unfolded, it is the suitable seedling age for transplantation.

Fourth, timely planting

Multi-layer cultivation of cowpea greenhouses in the Yellow River Basin is generally planted in early March. Before the planting, the shed should be covered with a two-layer membrane. In the spring greenhouse, the early cultivation of 3,500-3,800 holes per acre, the row spacing of 60 cm, the plant spacing of 30 cm, and 2 seedlings per hole. Plant water in a timely manner after planting.

V. Post-plant management

1. Inter-cultivation and conservation: The growth of cowpea plants is strong, and it is prone to vegetative growth and affecting flowering and pod formation. After planting, the field management should master the principle of controlling stems and leaves in the early stage and preventing premature aging of plants in the later stage. It is necessary to timely weed and weed, loosen the soil, and cultivate 3-4 times from planting to flowering. It is not suitable for cultivating after the plants are closed.

2. Slinging of the sling: The sling is pruned. When the plant begins to grow, when the main vine is extended to 30-40cm, the small arch shed should be removed, and the sling should be lifted in time to guide the vine to the sling. When the main vine grows to about 2m, the heart is topped, and the elongation of the vine is controlled to promote the concentration of nutrients in the flowering and pod-forming, and make full use of the "returning flower" to increase the pod-forming rate. Spray 5-10mg/kg naphthaleneacetic acid at the flowering stage to preserve the pods. The lateral buds below the first inflorescence should be completely erased, and the middle and upper lateral branches should be 3-4 knots topped, and the old residual leaves should be removed in time.

3. Temperature management: Closed greenhouses within 2-3 days after planting, no ventilation, strengthen insulation, try to maintain high temperature, promote slow seedling, shed temperature to maintain 30-32 °C during the day, 20 °C at night. After the seedlings are released, the wind is released, the moisture is drained, the temperature is lowered, and the seedlings are appropriately cooled. 15-20 ° C during the day and 12-15 ° C during the night to prevent the seedlings from growing. With the growth of seedlings, the temperature of the shed gradually increased to a suitable temperature of 20-25 ° C during the day and 15-20 ° C at night. The outside temperature is 15 °C or more. After the flowering, it is necessary to prevent the high temperature above 30 °C during the day, and keep the temperature of the shed above 15 °C.

4. Water and fertilizer management: The whole growth period should master the management of fertilizer and water. Follow the principle of pre-control and post-control. Before flowering and pod-forming, control the fertilizer and water to prevent the long-term. After the tender pods are stable, the feet are full of water and promote pod formation. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are combined to increase the application of micro-fertilizer and foliar fertilizer to prevent premature aging. At the seedling stage, attention should be paid to controlling the watering to prevent the water from growing. When the planting is done, the bottom water is applied. After the planting, it is generally not watered before flowering, especially when it is dry. Strengthen the management of fertilizer and water after pod formation, promote the growth of pods, keep the plants growing vigorously, promote the full development of the 2nd and 3rd flower buds of each inflorescence, multi-pod and prolong the harvesting period. When the first 1-2 inflorescence is placed on the pod, it begins to apply for flowering and pod fertilization, and waters the flowering pods. Generally, watering is carried out once every 10-15 days, combined with watering, and 10 kg of diammonium phosphate is applied per acre of water. During the period of flowering and pod formation in the middle inflorescence, watering is carried out once every 4-6 days, each time per acre 10-15 kg of fertilizer or 10-15 kg of ternary compound fertilizer. Choose sunny day watering in the morning, and release the air in a timely manner after pouring. At the peak of the pod, a 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.3% urea mixed solution is sprayed every 7-10 days to prevent premature senescence, prolong flowering and pod formation, and increase yield.

6. Falling flowers and pods and prevention

The cultivation of cowpeas in greenhouses is generally not too high. The pod formation rate is only 10%-60% of the flower bud differentiation and 20%-35% of the flowering number, indicating that there is a great potential for increasing the pod-forming rate of the cowpea in the greenhouse. To control the falling pods and increase the rate of pods in the greenhouse, do the following:

1. Control the temperature: the daytime should be controlled at 24-28 °C, the night should be controlled at 15-16 °C, the temperature difference should be controlled at about 10 °C, avoid the temperature is too high, when the temperature is higher than 26 °C for a long time, prone to prolonged phenomenon, Therefore, the pod rate is also low, and the flowering period should be appropriately reduced during the daytime. It is better to be around 24 °C. When the temperature is higher than 30 °C for a long time, it is easy to fall and fall. Therefore, reasonable regulation of temperature is to increase the pod yield of cowpea. An important measure

2. Dried flower wet pods: The initial flowering period is dominated by water control. At this time, if there is more water supply, the plant grows too nutritiously and consumes more nutrients. The flower buds do not get enough nutrients and are underdeveloped or not flowering. If the sensation is good, the seedlings should always be poured into the young pods 3-4cm. After the pods, the plants gradually enter the vigorous growth period, which has long stems and leaves, and the flowering results in succession. It requires a lot of water and nutrients. At this time, it is mainly promoted, water is poured once in the initial 7 days of pod formation, and then watering is gradually increased. The amount of soil moisture is stabilized at 60%-70% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field. When entering the high temperature season, the surface temperature is lowered by means of light pouring and pouring, watering in the morning and evening, and water is pressed to restore soil ventilation, so that the root activity is normal and the leaves are guaranteed. It grows rapidly at the same time as the pod.

3. Rational fertilization: applying sufficient base fertilizer and early application of top dressing to promote plant development, multi-side collaterals, increase the number of flowers, reduce the pod-forming part; 2-3 times of top dressing should be applied during the pod-forming period to achieve the purpose of long-leaf leaf-protecting . The amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be appropriate, and more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied to avoid causing the plants to grow up, leading to falling flowers and pods.

4. Ventilation and light transmission: Although the slings of the vines are various in form, the herringbone flower frame in the north-south direction is better. In the later period, the old leaves of the lower part of the yellow are removed in time, the ventilation and light transmission conditions are improved, and the consumption of assimilated nutrients is reduced. This is a powerful measure for keeping flowers and pods.

5. Chemical treatment: spraying 5-15ppm of naphthalene acetic acid during flowering, spraying the inflorescence, has a good effect on inhibiting the formation of separation layer, preventing falling flowers and improving pod formation.

6. Timely harvesting: After the tender pods are mature, they should be harvested in time to ensure the quality of the pods, reduce the burden on the plants, promote the opening of other flowers, reduce the pods, and prolong the harvest period. When the temperature is low in the early stage, it will be harvested half a month after flowering and harvested about 7 days later. When the temperature is low in the early stage, it will be harvested half a month after flowering and harvested about 7 days later.

Seven, harvest

When the pods are full and the seeds are just revealed, they should be harvested in time to ensure that the pods are crisp and crisp. The pods are harvested once every 2 days, and after entering the pod-filling period, they are harvested once a day, and the quality is strictly guaranteed. Pay attention to protect the second pair of young flower buds from damage during harvesting, in order to facilitate the return of flower pods and increase yield.

How to use the greenhouse cultivation techniques to cultivate cowpeas has introduced so much today, I hope the above content will help you a little more or less!

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