Key technologies for pearl beads
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First, the role of pre-pretreatment is to promote nuclear maternal spawning eggs, or weaken their gonadal development; the second is to properly inhibit their activities, reduce the physiological function, so that they are suitable for nuclear surgery state . Specific methods include:
1. Suppressing spawning After selecting healthy and mature mother oysters, they naturally increase their cage density and move to a low water temperature and raise them to the bottom of the sea to restrain their vigor and prevent their gonads from re-growth and maturation.
2. Irritation Before inserting the nucleus, if the gonads of the female parent begin to mature, the following methods can be used to deal with it: First, raise the water temperature, speed up or promote the maturation of sperm and eggs; Second, induce spawning, then spawn, then Increase the density of female cages and hang them in deep water.
3. The mussels are flushed with pre-treated mother scallops, and then they are placed on the squatting cage and placed in the seawater. They are weighed and placed in seawater. After a while, they are deprived of oxygen. After the shell is opened naturally, the wooden wedge can be inserted into the two shells to expose the soft body to prepare for the next step.
Second, the production of small pieces of cells Cell pieces from the mother of mantle of the mantle tissue, which is the formation of pearl sac and the secretion of nacre material basis, so be careful when making. Cellular shellfish refers to shellfish used to make small pieces of cells, and the same type of shellfish is generally used. The method for making the small pieces is to remove the free portion of the mantle from the small shell with scissors, wash it with clean seawater, trim it, remove the edge portion, and then cut it into a square shape, the size of which is the diameter of the bead core. /3. The cut pieces were first stained with 2% red mercury and then infiltrated with clean seawater for later use.
3. There are three methods for inserting and inserting cores in Hepu pearl shells: surface patch inserting nuclear method, rolling nuclear pusher inserting nuclear method, and first sending film after sending nuclear inserting nuclear method. Before inserting the nucleus, the parental shell of the spigot, the right shell, and the left shell are placed downward and placed on the nucleus inserting platform. The sacral leaves of the right nucleus of the mother scallop are opened with a flat needle to expose the soft body part. The cotton wipes the sludge and mucus near the soft body part and the shell mouth, and then cuts an incision with a notch knife at the base black and white junction of the foot, and the size is just enough to feed into the bead core, and the depth is just to cut the skin. Then insert the channel needle into the incision, and then push and send the nucleus along the direction of “left bag†and “right bagâ€, and then use the left hand to pick up or press the foot of the surgical shell with a hook or plate needle, and then send it to the right hand. The nuclear devices send the big core and the nuclear core to the "left bag" and "right bag." Immediately after the insertion of the right nucleus of the shell, the surgical shell is inverted, ie, the right shell of the female shell is down and the left shell is upward, and an incision is made at the base of the black and white junction of the left foot of the shell and the channel needle is used to cut from the incision. To "under foot," dial and send the nucleus, then use the right hand to hold the needle to press the foot of the surgical shell. The left hand grasps the nucleus to send the small nucleus to the "lower foot" part. After each nuclear position is sent to the core, a piece of cell patch is immediately sent to the surface of the nucleus with a delivery needle. When patching, be sure to close the outer skin of the small piece to the nuclear surface. After the operation, remove the cork, and then hold the surgery shellfish in the water basin. This is the method of inserting the core and then sending the surface patch to insert the nucleus.
The main point of the nuclear push-pulling method is to send the nucleus to the channel halfway, then stick the small piece on the surface of the nucleus, and then use the channel needle to slowly roll the push piece together to reach the part. It is relatively easy to send the chip after sending the chip first. After the notch and channel are done, the small piece is sent to the “site†with the feeding needle first, but it must be careful to feed the small piece of the part to the channel mouth. The direction. Then, the nucleus is used to push the nucleus to the outer surface of the small piece. After the operation, remove the cork stopper and keep the shellfish in the basin. The above three methods have different effects. The former has the best quality of pearls, and the circle has a larger proportion. The quality of the rear two beads is poorer, with more beads and tail beads.
IV Restoration after surgery and cultivation of pearls After surgery, recuperating from the medical point of view, it is understood in a medical context that it is in a special environment to raise interest rates for a period of time to achieve the purpose of rehabilitation. The mother's shell that is used for surgery is very weak due to trauma and fatigue and must be cultivated after surgery. However, the mother-of-pearl technique of inserting mother-of-pearl is mainly to implant pearl nucleus into mother's body to culture pearls. In this sense, the rest after surgery is not only to eliminate fatigue and restore health, but also to continue to reduce its vitality, to prevent denucleation, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the retention rate and the rate of beads. Therefore, in addition to the selection of good venues, Shibei’s rest and recuperation should be “accepted by the sea†and adopt a variety of rest and recuperation methods, such as bamboo cages or plastic wire cages, dredging meshes, or dense mesh gel cages. Wait for the loading and unloading and stocking to achieve the purpose of recuperation. Specifically, in the resting place, the depth of the water is suitable and the flow of water is poor, and the cages can be stocked with sparsely-mesh plastic wire cloth for cages of 30-40 cages. If the water in the rest area is fast and the flow is smooth, then The denser bamboo cage can be used for rest. The stocking density can be changed according to the situation. In doing so, on the one hand, Shi Bei can be quietly cultivated; on the other hand, it can appropriately control its vitality so as to achieve the purpose of improving the rate of remaining nuclear and survival. The length of the rest period is mainly based on the recovery of the mother after birth and the condition of the upper layer of the pearl. It is generally 20 days to 30 days.
After the recuperation period, when the shells have been recovered, the nuclear position is stable, and when the pearls begin to form, the surgical shells can be replaced from the rest cages to general cages, and at the same time, the stocking densities are reduced, and then they are moved to the Yuzhu fishery for breeding and breeding. Beads. During the cultivation of the bead, the breeding method of Shishuai Bay is roughly the same as the breeding method of the general Chengbei. Here only the selection of the Yuzhu fishing ground is emphasized. The ideal fishery environment is water depth of 5 meters or more, smooth flow, sand or mud bottom, summer water temperature does not exceed 30 °C, winter is not less than 15 °C, water quality is not contaminated, it is best to have a small amount of fresh water injected into the fishery or Inflow. Because of this type of fishery, the water quality is fertile and the food organisms are abundant. The formation of pearls is fast and of good quality and generally white. The length of the pearl-bearing period is mainly determined by the specifications of the inserted bead core, the thickness of the nacre layer, the environmental conditions of the pearl-cultivation field and the method of raising the bead. China's cultured pearls, if the beads are used, the beading period is 7 months to 9 months; the Chinese pearl nucleus, the pearling period is 1 year to 1.5 years; the big nucleus, the pearling period will be longer, 1.5 Year ~ 2 years. After the expiry of the incubation period, at the same time, the thickness of the bead layer meets the requirements of the commodity specification, and harvesting can be carried out. The harvesting method is mainly to kill Pui and remove the pearl from the pearl sac. Harvest time is generally in the winter, because during this time the water temperature is low, the mother of pearl secretion of pearls slowed down, the secretion of the nacre surface is more detailed, smooth, good luster.
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