How to make the greenhouse strawberry quality
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First, choose the appropriate varieties of greenhouse strawberry to choose to bloom in winter and early spring low temperature, more self-pollination ability, low temperature, black heart less flowers, large and neat fruit type, less deformed fruit, fruit flavor good varieties, such as Jingbao, Fengxiang, Mingbao, Baojiao Zaoxian and so on.
Second, the use of virus-free strong seedlings due to virus infection caused by the degradation of varieties, is one of the main reasons leading to deterioration of quality. The establishment of disease-free seedling breeding bases should be used to control the occurrence of viral diseases. When breeding strawberry seedlings on the production, we must select the fine plants with the characteristics of this variety as breeding mothers, and often choose the best ones, so that the species can be maintained and improved.
Third, the appropriate time to plant the buckle shed colonization and buckle shed too early, easily lead to excessive growth, the result is less, the fruit development is slow, serious disease. On the contrary, the results are late, affecting early production and quality. In general, after strawberry flower bud differentiation, it is planted as early as possible. The south of China will be planted around the end of September, and the north should be appropriately advanced. The buckle shed should be performed after the strawberry has passed dormancy and meets the requirement for low temperature. In general, when the temperature is lower than 15°C in the daytime, the shed is better.
Fourth, the appropriate temperature to control the temperature and humidity of strawberry fruit development is 18 ~ 25 °C. To reach this temperature in the winter and early spring, a small shed must be placed in the greenhouse to cover the shed and cover the membrane. The shed temperature should reach 25-28°C during the day, 5°C during the night, and 0°C above the minimum temperature. However, if there is a high temperature above 32°C, ventilate and cool it in time. The soil moisture is suitable to maintain 70% to 80%, too large and small can affect the root activity of the strawberry and the normal growth and development of the fruit.
5. Reasonable fertilization Greenhouse strawberries have a long period of time. To prevent premature decompensation, it is necessary to reapply basal fertilizers and spray them several times in the middle and later stages to meet their nutritional needs. In the fertilization to grasp the nitrogen and phosphorus increase potassium. Generally, 4,000 kg of high-quality farmyard fertilizer per mu and 50 kg of compound fertilizer are applied. In the middle and late period, organic fertilizers such as multiple sprays or 883 high yield production can be used to promote the development of fruit in the middle and later stages, and increase fruit weight and weight. The amount of sugar.
Six, picking leaves and fruit senescence leaves produce less photosynthetic products, and respiratory depletion, adverse growth of strawberries and berry development, the unnecessary occurrence of stolons also consume maternal nutrition. Therefore, the result should be timely removal of the lower senile leaves and early removal of stolons. In addition, before and after flowering in addition to a certain degree of high grade fruit and vegetables, not only can reduce the rate of malformed fruit, but also conducive to concentrated nutrient supply of low grade secondary flower development, increase fruit size and improve uniformity.
VII. Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Diseases and Insect Pests Diseases and insect pests in greenhouses should be based on agricultural control, supplemented by chemical control. That is, through the use of virus-free seedlings, high-ridge planting, mulching, irrigated crop rotation and drought, high humidity and other measures to prevent the occurrence of fruit, rotten fruit. The sick leaves and fruits found in the field must be promptly removed to prevent spread. Chemical control should pay attention to before and after flowering without drugs, so as not to affect pollination, so that more abnormal fruit. To minimize the use of pesticides during the fruit harvest period, the pesticides with low residual toxicity should be selected and the fruit picking should be stopped within 2 to 3 days after spraying to prevent fruit residues from affecting human health.
8. Freshly harvested strawberries are mainly fresh foods, which must be harvested when more than 70% of the fruit surface is red. In winter and early spring, the temperature is low, it is necessary to ripen in the fruit 8-9. The temperature gradually rises after the early spring and the harvest period can be appropriately advanced. Picking should be carried out at 8 to 10 o'clock in the morning or 4 to 6 o'clock in the afternoon. Do not remove fruits and hot sun so as not to spoil. When picking, take it lightly, pick it lightly, and put it gently. Do not damage the calyx. At the same time, it should be packed and packaged in stages.