Current Problems and Countermeasures in Rural Dairy Cow Breeding
At present, dairy farmers in rural areas generally reflect that “the price of feed is expensiveâ€, “the price of milk is lowâ€, and “cattle-raising is not profitableâ€. In fact, in addition to the external market causes, farmers themselves also have many problems. It is imminent to identify and resolve these hidden risks that affect the effectiveness of dairy farming and hinder the healthy development of dairy farming. To this end, we have invited experts from the Hebei Provincial Livestock Breeding Workstation to analyze in detail the problems in dairy cattle breeding, and proposed solutions to the actual situation in Hebei Province, hoping to provide assistance and reference for dairy farmers. ---editor I. Problems 1. The address of the cowshed is unreasonable. In some rural dairy farms, the address of the cowhouse is not in compliance with the requirements for epidemic prevention and is close to the residential area. The housing is simple, there is no birth room, isolation room. There is no disinfection pool on the sidelines, the drainage facilities are unreasonable, and the environment is polluted, which provides opportunities for the spread of infectious diseases and can easily cause cross-infection. 2, the purchase of dairy cows does not comply with the relevant procedures and regulations. Some dairy cows introduced dairy cows and did not apply to the local veterinary health supervision office or major animal epidemic command department. They purchased the goods without permission from the other places. They also did not ask the animal owners for immunization certificates. They did not conduct re-inspection after purchase, and did not observe isolation. Feeding in groups. This unplanned purchase has greatly increased the possibility of introducing diseased cows and laid the seeds for the safe breeding of dairy cows. 3, do not pay attention to health and epidemic prevention. 1Do not pay attention to sanitation and disinfection. The disinfection of dairy farms is an important means to eradicate the source of infection, and it is also a difficult link in dairy farm households' epidemic prevention. If dairy farms neglect this link or have slight flaws in this link, they will be paralyzed and will not adhere to it. If disinfection or disinfection is not thorough, there is a possibility that the epidemic of infectious diseases will be buried, causing serious economic losses to dairy cows. 2 weak awareness of epidemic prevention. Some farms and households are immune to epidemics and "two diseases" surveillance. They ignore the epidemic immune surveillance and only pay attention to their own development. They lack the idea of ​​collectivism. When they have an epidemic, they refuse to report to the relevant authorities in an attempt to refuse culling. Epidemics and infectious diseases are endemic, which not only exposes them to major economic losses but also affects others. 4, file management is not standardized. Dairy cow ear number, genealogy, use of feed additives, disease prevention, disease diagnosis and treatment, and disinfection are the contents of the records. If we do not establish a sound dairy cow archive, it will be difficult to carry out scientific feeding management and epidemic prevention for dairy cows, and it will not be able to provide reference for the assessment of dairy cows' health status and milk quality. The health status of dairy cows is an important factor affecting the quality of milk. The health status of dairy cows is not confirmed, the quality of milk cannot be guaranteed, and milk with unqualified quality cannot ensure the safety of consumers and win the market. Second, the solution 1. Strengthen the verification of the epidemic situation of dairy farms. The location, layout and facilities of dairy farms must meet the requirements for epidemic prevention. Dairy cattle epidemic supervision agencies shall conduct strict audits of the epidemic prevention conditions of dairy farms every year, and issue "animal epidemic prevention certificate" to eligible dairy farm owners. 2. Strengthen quarantine management. 1 Strictly implement the "quasi-certification" system. All dairy cows purchased from foreign countries must implement the “advanced application, voucher redeployment, reimbursement inspection, re-inspection approach, observe the group†introduction regulations to ensure that the introduction of security. 2 Conduct "two diseases" monitoring. The relevant departments must organize human and material resources each year, and conduct a brucellosis and tuberculosis surveillance in each of the spring and autumn seasons. 3 The full implementation of dairy cow health certification system. For the dairy farms and households that have passed the "two diseases" monitoring, they are issued a "Dairy of dairy cattle health registration certificate." Strictly prohibit the acquisition and processing of dairy cattle farms and households that do not have Animal Epidemic Prevention Certificates and Dairy Cow Health Registration Certificates. 3. Strengthen preventive management. 1 Establish safety and disease prevention files. On the basis of numbering of dairy cows, we shall conduct unified registration and file management, and implement file management for epidemic prevention. 2 Conduct regular vaccination in a timely manner. Every year cows must undergo regular vaccination and diagnostic tests to ensure that no cows are missed and that each cow is given the necessary immune protection to ensure successful immunization and prevent the occurrence, spread, and epidemic of infectious diseases. 4, strict disinfection and sterilization system. The dairy farms should be kept dry, clean and hygienic, and the excrement should be promptly removed; the drinking utensils and livestock farms should be carefully and regularly disinfected. Keep the barn well ventilated, suitable for light, cool in winter and cool in summer. 5. Strengthen safety supervision. For cows suffering from infectious diseases in quarantine inspections, they must be kept and observed in isolation from healthy cows. Continuous monitoring and monitoring of healthy dairy cows should be carried out. Only three consecutive monitoring campaigns can be used as cleanrooms and households. Major infectious diseases should be reported promptly.
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