Key points for the construction and management of meat duck scale breeding community
In recent years, the meat duck breeding area has developed rapidly and has various organizational forms. The proportion of meat ducks has reached more than 92% in order to better guide the construction and management of meat duck breeding communities. We have prepared according to the local meat duck breeding model. The technical points of the construction and management of the meat duck breeding community are for reference only. The size of the duck breeding community Farming scale Within a certain area, 2 or more breeding units are based on unified planning, unified breeds, unified feeding standards, unified injection products, unified immunization procedures, unified sales, and household accounting methods. Duck production, construction year slaughter 4 More than 10,000 duck breeding bases. Meat duck breeding adopts an all-in, all-out system in which the same batch of ducks of the same age are kept in the same meat duck house and all are present on the same day. Venue selection The site should meet local development planning and land use planning requirements. It was built in a place with high dry terrain, leeward wind, convenient drainage, and compliance with the requirements of epidemic prevention. There are no pollution sources such as chemical industry and mining factories within 3 kilometers, and it is 0.5 kilometers away from other livestock and poultry farms, and it is away from main roads and villages. Over 0.5 kilometers, try to avoid being built along the main road. Floor area The production floor area (ie, duck house area) and auxiliary production and construction area are calculated based on the area required for each batch of 10,000 ducks. The total floor area is 8,000 square meters to 10,000 square meters, and the production floor area (ie, duck housing area) is calculated. ) It is 3,000 to 3,500 square meters, and the auxiliary production area is 350 to 450 square meters. Construction layout The layout of residential buildings shall be arranged according to the three functional areas of the production area, living area and management area, and ancillary supporting areas. There shall be fences or epidemic prevention ditch around and a green belt shall be built. The production area has duck houses, changing rooms, disinfection rooms, feed storage processing rooms, and warehouses. The affiliated supporting area has a feed storage processing room, a warehouse and a veterinary room, a sick poultry isolation room, a sick and innoxious treatment room, and a storage fecal site. Strictly implement the principle of isolation between production areas, management areas, and ancillary supporting areas. Personnel, poultry and articles are transported in a single flow to prevent the spread of pollution sources. Duck house construction According to natural conditions and economic conditions, construction of duck houses should be implemented according to local conditions. The ducklings should be oriented in a north-south direction, generally using a bracket-type plastic greenhouse and grass structure, 80 meters to 100 meters in length, 10 meters to 12 meters in width, 2.0 meters to 2.4 meters in height, and two adjacent duck houses. The distance is 10 meters. The ground of the duck house should be a sandy structure, and each batch of ducks should be replaced once after slaughter. Feeding equipment and supporting facilities The rearing equipment includes feeding equipment, brooders, excrement and sewage treatment, disinfection, ventilation, water supply and drainage, etc. The water supply facilities that are matched with the production are selected. The production and domestic sewage are drained with a ditch, and the power load rating is three levels for civil buildings. The fire protection rating of construction materials shall be designed according to the three-level fire protection code for civil buildings. Feeding management Feeding system All-in and all-out systems are implemented, and large-scale all-in-all units are implemented. Ducks should be raised in dry conditions, and ducklings should be raised on the ground or raised on the Internet. When introducing meat ducks, they shall be imported from the breeding duck farm that has obtained the “Plant Production and Operation Permit for Breeding of Livestock and Poultry†and “Veterinary Epidemic Prevention Certificate,†and shall obtain the quarantine certificate. The introduction of ducks from other provinces must be approved by local animal epidemic prevention agencies. The introduced duck must be negative for the specified epidemic quarantine, and after isolation and observation, it must be recognized as a healthy person before entering the farm. Preparation before brooding To flatten the land in the duck house, and then completely disinfect the ground of the duck house, lay a layer of dry soil inside, and then dry the soil with no less than 3 cm of dry wood chips or straw, wheat straw and so on. Prepare warm equipment, drinking fountains, chutes, etc. Before the brooding, we must thoroughly disinfect the entire duck house with external bactericides. Before entering the chicks, warm up them to the temperature required for brooding. House temperature control During the breeding period, the meat duck has a high temperature requirement, especially the ducklings that have just hatched within 2 weeks have stricter temperature requirements. Ducklings have poor insulation properties. Digestive and absorptive capacity is weak, lack of self-regulatory ability, both afraid of cold, and afraid of heat, extremely sensitive to temperature. The temperature of the brooding room is to walk around the ducklings, lively spirits, good diet, even and smooth distribution of feathers is appropriate. The temperature requirement of the 1 week old ducklings is 32°C, the age of 2 weeks is 29°C, and the 3 weeks old is 27°C, 4 weeks old at 25°C. Temperature and environmental requirements Although meat ducks are water birds, they are very afraid of moisture. Ducklings are more afraid of moisture at 30 days of age. The control of indoor temperature is an important part of the healthy growth of ducklings. 10-day-old ducklings require 60% to 65% of humidity, and 11 days to 30 days of age are 65%-70%. Ducklings grow fast and have a very strong metabolism. They emit large amounts of carbon dioxide and water vapor, and ammonia in the faeces, which pollutes the air in the shed, affecting the growth and development of ducks. Reduce the harmful gas in the duck house: during the day when there is sunlight, when the temperature rises, open the exhaust hole in time, often replace the contaminated bedding with dry earth or sawdust, wheat straw, etc.; spray peracetic acid, 20% peracetic acid The solution was diluted to a concentration of 0.3% and 30 ml/m3 was sprayed twice a week. Requirements for the use of veterinary drugs and feed additives The veterinary drugs used in duck breeding shall be uniformly purchased and managed in a unified manner. The therapeutic drugs shall comply with the requirements of the “Chinese Veterinary Pharmacopoeiaâ€, and no additional egg yolk color enhancer shall be added to the meat for ducks. It is forbidden to use drugs and feed additives and other compounds that are prohibited by the State and the province, and to systematically monitor the residues of meat ducks. Epidemic prevention management Anti-epidemic In accordance with the "Law of the People's Republic of China on Animal Epidemic Prevention" and the "Regulations on Animal Epidemic Prevention of the Jiangsu Province", a health epidemic prevention and disinfection management system has been established, and an Animal Epidemic Prevention Certificate has been obtained through examination by the animal epidemic supervision agency. No other livestock, poultry, dogs, cats, etc., shall be kept in the meat duck breeding community. Poultry products shall not be brought into the community. The community veterinary drug treatment room shall not be open to the public. Regulatory immunity The vaccine must be purchased from a legal department that has a “veterinary drug business licenseâ€. The vaccine should be stored in the freezer and refrigerator according to the storage temperature specified in the instructions. Before the vaccine is used, it is to be inspected bottle by bottle and diluted according to the dilutions and multiples specified in the instructions. The bottle stopper and the diluted vaccine have been opened and must be used within 4 hours, otherwise it is discarded. The compulsory immunization of major diseases shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State and the province. After compulsory immunization, an immunization record shall be filled out, and the animal epidemic prevention supervision institution shall issue the immunization certificate; under the guidance of the animal epidemic prevention supervision institution under the supervision of the animal epidemic prevention supervision institution, the immunization program shall be determined by the district veterinarian according to the local epidemic situation and the immune antibody monitoring result of the duck. Conduct immunization work. Disease surveillance The veterinarians should regularly observe the meat ducks and do a duck disease inspection and record in detail. The community shall accept and cooperate with the supervision of animal epidemic prevention agencies and epidemic monitoring. When meat ducks are slaughtered, they can be sold only after they have been notified by the local animal epidemic prevention supervision agencies according to the time limit for disease surveillance and immunization, and they have obtained quarantine certificates. Epidemic control and extinguishment When a suspected infectious disease occurs in the community, it shall immediately report to the local animal husbandry and veterinary administrative department and the animal epidemic prevention supervision institution and assist in the diagnosis. When diagnosed as a major animal disease, the community shall cooperate with the local government in accordance with relevant regulations under the supervision of the animal epidemic prevention supervision institution. Take strict emergency prevention and control measures. It is strictly forbidden to throw it away, slaughter, eat or sell it. Strict disinfection system The gates are staffed with full-time personnel responsible for the disinfection of the incoming and outgoing personnel and vehicles. Disinfect the pool twice a week to disinfect the liquid and maintain an effective concentration. The ducks closed the doors and windows 6 days before entering the ducks. After forcing 24 hours of formalin per square meter and 21 grams of potassium permanganate, the animals were ventilated for 2 days. Equipment, equipment such as drinking fountains, drums and other soaking before and after use, and then rinse with water, set exposure to sunlight for 2 days to 3 days and then back to the duck house. Workers should wash their hands before entering the duck house, wearing overalls, work shoes, and pedal disinfectants. After each batch of ducks are slaughtered, the duck houses should be vacant for more than two weeks, replaced with bedding, thoroughly cleaned and disinfected. Do not slaughter ducks in duck houses. Environmental protection The duck breeding community should meet the requirements of environmental protection, and the corresponding manure and sewage treatment facilities should be constructed synchronously. After the manure is removed, it should be processed through biological fermentation. The sewage should flow to the sewage pool and be discharged after treatment. The area should be greened. 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