Cows notice frost damage in cold season
Cows raised during the cold season can easily cause frostbite if not properly managed. In addition, under the influence of cold wind or underfeeding, insufficient nutrition can easily cause various diseases in dairy cows. Winter dairy cows should pay attention to nutrition, focusing on freezing and warmth, timely prevention of various types of diseases. In order to avoid frostbite in dairy cows, this issue introduces a group of winter cows' antifreeze, disease prevention and feeding technologies for farmers' reference. Strengthen nutrition Although dairy cows can maintain normal body temperature under low temperature conditions, they emit too much due to body heat, resulting in increased feed consumption. From the beginning of winter, it is necessary to gradually increase the amount of concentrate feed, and feed the full-price balanced nutrient-combined diet, increase the energy of 10% and 5% fat feed, feed the cattle, drink warm water, enhance their cold resistance ability. If the weather is fine, we should insist on cattle grazing up the mountain. Grazing can not only allow cattle to eat green feed, but also increase the amount of exercise, which is conducive to the health of cattle. Instead of allowing cows to eat frost grass, grazing cows should choose leeward sunny bushes. In addition to maintaining their own nutritional needs, dairy cows also need to provide the nutritional needs of calf growth and development, to store certain nutrients to ensure lactation. The palatability of the food is better, the variety is more diverse, it is reasonably matched, digestible, and rich in nutrition. Since winter feeding is generally dominated by coarse materials such as hay and rice straw, attention should be paid to the modulation of feed. It is best to produce ammoniated feed for cattle. This will not only increase palatability, but also increase nutrition. Daily supplement of 1 to 2 kilograms of concentrate, and conditional feed of mixed concentrates, with a mix of 30% corn, 20% soybean cake, 15% rice, 15% cottonseed cake, 5% rapeseed cake, rice bran 15%, but also appropriate to add some bone meal and salt, so that regular, quantitative, less to Tim Tim, do not feed mildew feed. At the same time, a sufficient amount of high-quality hay and a certain amount of vinasse, carrot, sweet potato and other juicy feeds should be fed. If there is silage, this can be the main, and the amount of feeding will increase from less, to about 15 kg per day. In addition, the number of feedings should be appropriately increased to increase the intake of cows. If you need to supplement protein feed, you can use urea feeding supplemental protein deficiency, supplemented with 40 grams per 100 kg of beef body weight is appropriate. Drinking water should be clean, be careful not to drink empty belly water and ice residue water, it is best to feed warm and hot water. Dairy cow milk production has a close relationship with the temperature of drinking water. Drinking water temperature is 10°C, and milk production can be 24.5 kg per day. Drinking water temperature is 24°C, milk production can be 24.6 kg; drinking water temperature is 17°C, can produce milk 24.8 kg, visible Drinking water at 17°C produced the highest amount of milk. Regulate the environment Dairy cows have strong cold resistance, but they must also pay attention to doing cold and warm work. It is necessary to build insulation cows, not to raise cattle, reduce the body heat dissipation. Cowshed to prevent thief wind, pay attention to insulation. The barn houses must be closed to cover the loopholes, and should be sheltered from the wind, leaking from the rain, and not damp, and the bedding should be replaced frequently. Pregnant cows should have a separate barn to avoid crowding, kicking and causing miscarriage; adult dairy cows should be kept above 6°C; bred dairy cows should be kept above 5°C. In cold weather, it is necessary to put padding on the cattle bed or grass, especially under the breasts, in order to avoid affecting milk production or inflammation of the breast. In winter, the cowshed is cold and damp. If it stays inside for a long time, it is prone to rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases. At sunny noon, cattle should be released for outdoor activities and sunbathing. Every day, the cows should be allowed to sunbathe for 2-3 hours, so as to keep warm blood circulation and not to stand still for a long time to speed up metabolism and enhance the ability to keep out the cold. In the cold season, beef body protection must be strengthened. No matter if you go out to grazing or exercise, protect your peripheral areas such as ears, breasts, and teats that are prone to frostbite, such as Vaseline and lard. For lactating cows and dry cows, it is best to wear a cotton bra with excellent results. It is possible to build a free bed in the house and lay a thicker grass on the bed to create a better breeding environment for it. In winter, pay attention to the doors and windows on the north side of Yanjai to avoid intruding into thieves and drafts, and set up wind walls on the north side of the stadium. Breast care In winter, the temperature is low, resulting in lower cow's breast temperature, which results in poor blood circulation. At this time, the breast may be scrubbed and massaged with a towel soaked with hot water to stimulate lactation. The water temperature is suitably controlled at 40°C to 45°C. To prevent chapped or frostbite of the nipple, when the medicine bath is applied to the teat, only the teat tip can be immersed in the liquid, the time is controlled at 30 seconds, and the disposable medicine is wiped dry with a disposable paper towel to ensure that the nipple is caught in the cow. Out of the milking parlor in a dry state. In addition, if the nipple to take a warming medicine bath can significantly shorten the drying time. When the outside temperature reaches -12°C and there is strong wind, it is better to stop the teat from the nipple. This is due to the obvious weakening of pathogenic microorganism activity in the low temperature environment. After each milking session, the cows should apply Vaseline to the nipples to avoid frostbite. If the cow is in the early stage of delivery, her breasts are swollen, causing the herniation to be prone to chapped and frostbite. In this case, a special medicinal bath solution for winter may be used. Pay attention to the use of the medicinal bath solution will not freeze, or the separation of the drug components contained therein will stimulate the mammary gland, if the bath solution has frozen, to fully mix the various components. Frostbite When the cow is frozen, it should be quickly carried into the warm room, scrubbed with warm water as soon as possible, massage to promote blood circulation. At the same time injection camphor water or coramine and other cardiac stimulants, and as soon as possible to the affected animals to drink hot tea, can not drink when the stomach can be used to fill the liquor medication tube, so that the affected animals warm. For serious diseased animals, the glucose liquid heated by hot water can be input, and animals of economic value can be transfused for blood treatment. The cows that have suffered freezing injury should be promptly treated. Regardless of the method of treatment, it is necessary to pay attention to the warmth of the cowsheds and cattle frostbite and prevent them from freezing. The superficial frostbite shows that after the skin is frozen, the blood vessels strongly contract, causing tissue ischemia, and the skin turns from pale to blue-violet. After rewarming, the blood vessels dilate, the skin is congested, the frostbite is burned, itching, and swelling and heat pain appear. In severe cases, blisters of different sizes were frozen, and the foam solution was transparent and severely painful. After 2 to 3 weeks, blisters were dry and dry, and fresh skin covered the wound when the skin was shed. After a small superficial frostbite occurs, it cannot be baked immediately or soaked in hot water. Can be used white wine, pepper coated, several times a day. Or use camphor alcohol or boric alcohol to massage the skin or ultraviolet rays. If it occurs in the body, you can use folk remedies, pepper, eggplant stalk, dried ginger and other water 10 times to boil, when the water temperature dropped to 45 °C into the bucket soak, each more than 10 minutes, 2 times a day. If there are blisters in the frostbite area, they can be drained with a sterile needle, wetted with 30% boric acid, dried and then smeared with 10% sulfur fish paste, once daily. If there is ulcer, apply it with gauze or lard, then wrap it with gauze. If the frostbite is swollen, apply 1% iodine solution or camphor ointment or iodine glycerin. Deep frostbite refers to frost and necrosis of the entire layer of skin and subcutaneous tissue, deep frostbite and bones, necrosis and ulceration, blackening, and dryness. Finally, the boundary between the necrotic area and healthy tissue is separated, and the necrotic area rots and falls off. In the case of frostbite, the frozen part should be rewarmed as soon as possible, and the wounded limb should be soaked in iron drums containing warm water, heated to 38°C to 42°C in 5 to 10 minutes, and slightly elevated in the frozen part to eliminate edema. Take measures as soon as possible to reduce tissue necrosis and prevent infection. When the area of ​​frostbite is large and deep, antibiotics can be used to prevent infection. If infected, remove the necrotic tissue and disinfect and treat the wound. If you suffer from frostbite to avoid blood vessel necrosis, do not use hot water to soak or heat the cow's breast, nipples, ears, nose, and genitals. Use cotton swabs to gently rub it. Rub it to the skin to make red blood. If ulceration has occurred, the necrotic area can be removed and the chilblain paste can be put on the heat after disinfection. Health and disease prevention The temperature fluctuations in the early winter are relatively large. Dairy cows are prone to cold-injured bodies and cause respiratory infections. After the illness, the cows showed mainly lethargy, apathy, tears, elevated body temperature, severe body temperature exceeding 40°C, loss of appetite, reduced rumination, and complete stoppage, accompanied by cough, dyspnea and other symptoms. At this time to take the appropriate treatment, mainly for antipyretic analgesia, anti-bacterial anti-inflammatory. Immunization of cows with infectious diseases, especially major diseases such as tuberculosis, anthrax, and brucellosis. After a summer and autumn grazing, it is likely that there are parasites in the cattle. During the winter, we must seize the time to deworm the grazing cows. Trichlorfon belongs to the broad-spectrum anthelmintic, and has a good killing effect on various digestive tract nematodes as well as lung filarial, bot larvae, and ginger flukes. Trichlorfon has a large odor and is difficult to feed with spices. 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