Plastic greenhouse thin melon cultivation new technology
The cultivation of thin-leaved melons in plastic greenhouses can be marketed one month earlier. The yield per mu can reach 3,500 kg, and the social and economic benefits are very significant. Now the main cultivation techniques are described as follows: First, choose early-maturing varieties of sweet melons, like hi light, in order to achieve early maturation and high yield, must choose early maturation, high yield, disease resistance, low temperature resistance, low light resistance varieties, such as sapphire, Hongcheng 5, etc. Variety. Second, nurturing strong seedlings 1, nutrition soil preparation. Nursery should be carried out in a high-drying, well-lit sunlight greenhouse. The disease-free vegetable garden soil that had not been used to grow melons before was used as a nutrient soil. The nutrient soil used is calculated by volume and is preferably prepared from 2 sieved fine soils plus 1 sieved and decomposed horse dung, and 1 kg of superphosphate or 0.5 kg of ternary compound fertilizer is added to each cubic meter of nutrient soil. , manure, fertilizer mixed evenly. After filling soil with a nutrition bag with a diameter of 8 cm and a height of 10 cm, it is neatly and tightly placed in the seedbed. 2, seed processing. Soak the seeds with warm water of 55-60°C for 15 minutes to kill the germs on the seed surface. The seeds were soaked in water at room temperature (20°C) for 2-3 hours. After removing, the surface of the seeds was wiped off with a dry towel. The soaked seed was wrapped in a damp towel, and the plastic bag was wrapped and placed in a constant temperature of 28-30° C. After 20 hours, budding was possible. 3, sowing. Before seeding, the seedbed is poured into the bottom water. After the water is infiltrated, the sprouted seeds are laid flat in a nutrition bag and overlaid with 1.5-2 cm of moist fine soil. After seeding, the seedbed is covered with a plastic film to keep the moisture in the seedbed. 4, seedbed management. The seedling temperature maintained above 25°C during the day before emergence and 15-18°C at night, and the seedlings could emerge after 6 days. Immediately after emergence, the mulch film was peeled off, and the temperature of the seedbed was appropriately lowered. The temperature was maintained at 22-25°C during the day and 12-15°C at night to promote root growth of the melon and prevent leggy formation of "high-legged seedlings". After the two leaves of the melon seedlings are flattened, the first true leaf can be appropriately increased in temperature when it appears. 7-10 days before planting began to reduce air temperature, low-temperature hardening seedlings to cultivate strong seedlings. When the melon seedlings grow to 3-4 true leaves, the main vine growth point is removed and two strong vine vines are selected. Third, the timely cultivation of greenhouse cultivation melon density, need more fertilizer, must apply enough base fertilizer. In general, more than 5,000 kilograms of farmyard manure is applied per acre, combined with a deep turn of 40 centimeters, plus 50 kilograms of compound fertilizer and 20 kilograms of potassium sulfate. Colonization began at the beginning of April, 15 to 20 days before the planting, and the soil was tampered with. The ground was raised to raise the ground temperature. After the planting, a small arch shed was erected to promote easing of seedlings. Deep ditch high ridge, ridge width 60 cm, ditch depth 33 cm, perforation by planting 60 cm hole colonization, planting 1860 per acre. Fourth, field management 1, temperature regulation. Pre-planting heat preservation slowing seedlings, the temperature control during the day at 28 °C. After easing the seedlings, the small arch sheds were uncovered at night and covered with straw quilts or paper quilts and quilts for freezing and heat preservation in the cold weather or cold wave. Grasshoppers should be uncovered in a timely manner. Under conditions of maintaining suitable temperatures, they should try to uncover and release the cover early to prolong the duration of the illumination. The sky should be ventilated on both sides of the greenhouse in sunny days. Single-headed wind-proofing and ventilation during cloudy days, cloudy days, and small days of nocturnal rain and snow. . The proper temperature management is carried out in the shed and it is controlled at 24-30°C during the day. 10-15 days before fruit ripening, increase ventilation in greenhouses, increase the temperature difference between day and night in greenhouses, in order to improve the quality of melon, do not close the ventilation hole at night during sunny days. 2, fertilizer and water management. When planting, the seedlings should be poured with water and the seedlings should not be watered before flowering. Too many water-retaining components make the plants long and cause fruit drop and fruit drop. After fruiting, when the melon grows to the size of the egg, you can chase the fertilizer once, and water it immediately after dressing. Apply 20 kg of compound fertilizer, 10-15 kg of urea, 10 kg of potassium sulfate or 800-1000 kg of diluted manure water per acre. Stop watering 7-10 days before harvest to improve the precision of melon. 3, plant adjustments. Using double vine pruning, after the main vine has picked its heart, it chooses to leave two sturdy vines, and then removes Sun Man before the leaves of the vines and leaves, and leaves the leaves of the leaves at the leaves of the leaves of the leaves. Picking up the heart, after the fruiting node, 6-8 leaves were picked up and picked up. 4, hanging vine, hanging melon. After the vine spreads, the end of the tear film is tied to the top of the greenhouse. One end is tied to a bamboo stick and inserted in the ridge to wrap the melon vines around the film line to make it climb and spread the vine spread evenly in the shed. When the melon grows to the size of an egg, one end of the film line is tied to the guati, and one end is tied to the roof of the shed, so that the guava vine and the vine are vertically arranged. 5, to promote sitting melon. Greenhouse cultivation melon must be artificial pollination in order to ensure fruit set. Male flowers opened on the same day were used to pollinate the female flowers, and the pollen was gently applied to the female stigma. The pollination work should be completed at 8-10 am. It is too late. The stigma is less pollen-receptive and it is not easy to set fruit. 6. Pest control. The diseases of greenhouse melons are mainly seedling damping-off, anthrax, downy mildew and powdery mildew. The use of 0.05% potassium permanganate and 1000-fold prill to irrigate seedbeds can effectively control damping-off. Spraying on seedbeds or plants with Ledomil's wettable powder can control the occurrence and spread of anthrax, downy mildew and powdery mildew. Insect pests mainly include aphids and cabbage caterpillars, which can be used once and for all.