North China Cattle Breeding Management Points
Rushan Jinguo Food Co., Ltd , https://www.jinguofood.cn
North China Chaiji is an excellent local breed in northern China. It is of the meat and egg type. Its body appearance is diversified. Generally 180-day-old male and female body weight is 2 kg. It is resistant to rough feeding, has strong adaptability and strong foraging ability. The resistance of the disease is strong, the meat is tender and the meat is delicious. Management during brooding period The chicks are generally hatched from the shell to 6-8 weeks. This stage is called the brooding period. The brooding methods mainly include ground leveling and three-dimensional cages. Before the chicks enter the house, serious and thorough cleaning and disinfecting of the chicken house, affiliated areas and equipment, disinfection method is to use potassium permanganate and formaldehyde mixed fumigation can be two days before picking the brooding house to test warming, see Whether it can reach the 35 °C required for brooding, you can pick up the chicks when you are ready to work, and the first job is to provide enough clean drinking water for chicks. After drinking for 3 to 4 hours, you can start eating. Note the first 7 days. To reduce the death of chicks, appropriate amounts of drugs can be added to the chick's feed and drinking water. When you eat, you can use kraft paper in the cage or on the ground. Spread some feed on the top to allow the chicken to feed. You can also use plastic egg trays as feed trays. This reduces feed waste. Feeding during the brooding period is based on feeding and feeding before brooding. The light should be kept for 23 hours in 3 days, then it can be reduced to 15 hours later. The most important job in the brooding period is to maintain the proper temperature. The state of the chicks should be carefully observed. If there is a crowding phenomenon, the temperature is low, if some chicks do not drink light Eating materials, and gasping phenomenon shows that the temperature is too high, the general first week temperature of about 35 °C, brood ventilation ventilation is very important, in the case of ensuring the temperature, ventilation should be maximized. In the late brooding period, when the local temperature is higher than 15°C, it can be released to exercise outdoors. During the rearing period, the management of grazing chickens is managed by grazing and rearing combined with supplementary feeding methods. Grazing rearing is to put the chickens in the wild and raise them. Suitable places include wasteland, orchards and farmland. The chickens can get sufficient sunshine, fresh air and exercise on a wide range of pastures, and eat green grass, worms, humus, sub-substances, etc. Various nutritious feeds. Free-range farming began to use open in the morning to allow them to eat freely and take them back at night. The specific approach was to use a cage to transport the chicks to the stocking place and put them in the wild to make them free. Activities, feed intake, and evening feeding are used to signal the chicken by using feeding methods such as knocking on pots or whistling whistle. When some chickens come back, they feed the chickens with some feed so that other chickens will have something to eat and they will return. A kind of conditioned reflex, the chicken will return as soon as it hears the sound. This signal can be used to recall the chicken whether it is in the evening or when the weather is bad, which is very convenient for field management. If you don't have a large amount, you can always use this kind of early morning and late harvest until the chicken grows. If the number is large, this is not very convenient. You can build some temporary shacks or simple things in the ground. As long as the house can withstand wind and rain, it can be easily grazing and reclaiming. Now, the wild grazing method is more often used in a fenced-in mode, that is, a nylon net of 1 to 1.5 meters high is used to fence the selected land. A closed environment is formed where chickens can eat freely in order to prevent chickens from running around indiscriminately. The size of the fence area depends on the number of chickens. Generally, about 200 chickens can be placed on one acre plot. Due to the large-scale activities of wild-breeding chickens, there is usually no problem of contending for food: (1) The chickens should be provided with enough drinking water: Since there are few natural water sources in the wild, some basins, pots, etc. must be placed within the scope of chicken activities. Diversion equipment, especially in the summer should be the case, otherwise it will affect the growth of chickens and even cause diseases. (2) Supplementary feeding should be done regularly: Since the range of activity of the chicken is not unlimited, the food it feeds cannot fully meet the needs of its growth and development, so it is necessary to make timely feeding, and feeding is usually one or two times a day. Yes, but the time must not be changed arbitrarily, so as to strengthen the conditional reflex of the chicken and consolidate the training results. The amount of daily supplements should be determined by the season and the amount of food you make on the plot. In summer, there are more insects of various types, which can be supplemented as little as possible. The lack of food in early summer or late fall can be used to supplement more. The amount of feed usually accounts for 1/3 to 1/2 of the feed intake. In addition, in the more seasons of insects, some purple or general incandescent bulbs can be hung in places where chickens inhabit, and insects can be attracted to chickens at night. Since the genetics of North China Chai chickens determine its slow growth and development, it cannot be lacking in food so as not to affect its development. (3) Since it is unavoidable to store chickens in the wild, they must be exposed to feces, eggs, etc., which can easily cause parasitic diseases in chickens. Therefore, regular deworming should be carried out using levamisole or albendazole, and regular use is also required. These ball treasure and other drugs drive the coccidia. This period of late management usually refers to 8 weeks of age to the listing stage, which is the late growth period of high quality chickens. The main points for feeding at this stage are to promote the rapid growth of muscles and the deposition of body fat, increase the chicken's fatness, improve the meat quality, achieve timely market, specific feeding management should do the following: (1) increase the energy concentration of the diet With the increase of age, the organ development of chickens has changed, from the growth of the original bones, viscera and feathers to the growth and deposition of muscles and fats. Moderate fat deposition can not only increase body weight, but also improve chickens. The quality of the meat improves the aesthetic appearance of the carcass. This is what the market needs. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to make corresponding changes in the dietary mix, mainly to increase the metabolic energy of the diet, and to reduce the energy ratio. It is often not enough to increase the energy of the diet by increasing the proportion of corn. It is also necessary to add some animal fats such as lard, chicken oil, or vegetable oil. It is better not to use fat such as mutton oil or butter to avoid The ketone body produces odor, and the amount of fat added is 3% to 5%. (2) Reducing sales stress: For farmers, the common retail method is to grab some chickens and sell them to small traders every day. This may sometimes be slightly higher, but it also has its shortcomings, that is, it easily causes a large group of stressors. The growth of other chickens and due to frequent contact with small traders may cause the occurrence of some infectious diseases, so farmers should pay special attention, it is best to sell them at one time, if retail, you must pay attention to timely disinfection of the site, and Try to catch chickens as late as possible to reduce flock stress. Nutritional standards Since North China Chai is a high-quality local breed, it is suggested that farmers should refer to the nutritional standards of light chickens based on their relatively low growth rate. It can be used to lower the energy concentration and increase protein and calcium phosphate. The nutrient concentration, so that you can basically meet the nutritional needs of the chicken, in the feed when you must adhere to local materials, affordable, non-polluting principles in order to obtain the greatest economic benefits. Disease control and disease control is always the key to the success of chicken farming. Without healthy chickens, there can be no good production effect. The ideal economic benefits will not be discussed. Only by minimizing the impact of diseases can the chicken production be achieved. The potential is fully realized to obtain the best economic benefits. (1) Health and epidemic prevention: There are many methods for disease control, such as health and epidemic prevention, drug prevention and immunization, among which sanitation and epidemic prevention are the most basic and most cost-effective disease control methods. Other control methods are based on the epidemic prevention. For North China broilers, the brooding stage should strictly control the entry of foreigners, vehicles, etc. into the culture zone. At the same time, it should prevent wild animals from entering the shed. On this basis, the interior and exterior environment of the hen house should be sprayed at least once a day to be effective. Prevent the occurrence of various infectious diseases, especially respiratory diseases. In the field restocking stage, contact with other people should also be avoided as much as possible. Spray disinfection should be performed at least once at the place where the chicken is inhabited and in the vicinity thereof. (2) Immunization procedures: In the current situation that the chicken industry is more developed than other infectious diseases, a single epidemic prevention can not prevent the occurrence of diseases. It is also necessary to develop a set of strict and practical immunization procedures. The formulation usually takes into account the prevalence of local diseases and the effects of maternal antigens, so there is no single immunization program suitable for all regions. Farmers can generally use the immunization program provided by a regular breeder hatchery. (3) Drug control: Despite strict health and epidemic prevention and immunization procedures, it is impossible to ensure 100% of the disease does not occur in chickens, especially non-communicable diseases. Therefore, necessary drug control is indispensable, especially in the field. Stage, but it should be noted that drugs cannot be abused. Especially during the late growth period of chickens, the use of some high-residue antibiotics and other drugs should be strictly limited. It is best to use drugs under the unified guidance of the breeder's farm so that the cost can be reduced. It can ensure that the final product meets the requirements of green food, increases the selling price of the product, and increases economic efficiency.