Chinese herbal medicines summer management precautions
Miao and Dingmiao Seeds of sowing seeds may have more frequent seedlings, and may be 2 to 3 times; seeding large seeds may have less frequent seedlings, such as cassia seed, wolfberry, etc., and 1 to 2 times of seedlings; on-demand seedlings such as Achyranthes bidentata Leave 2 or 3 seedlings in each hole first, and wait until the seedlings grow up and then perform the second time. The last time is Dingmiao. After Dingmiao must strengthen management in order to achieve Miao Qi, Miao Quan, Miao Zhuang's purpose. Intertillage, weeding and earth-cultivation Intertillage and cultivating is usually done before the closure of the line, choose sunny. The depth of cultivating depends on the size, height, depth of the distribution of the root groups, and the growth of the underground. The root groups are distributed on the surface of the soil and the cultivator should be shallow; the deep-rooted plants can be deeper. The number of cultivators should be based on the local climate, soil and plant growth. Seedlings of young plants, weeds are easy to breed, the soil is also easy to compact, cultivator weeding Yiqin; adult plants, the growth of lush foliage, weeding times should be less, so as not to damage the plants. When the weather is dry and the soil is heavy, it should be more ploughed; after rain or irrigation, it should be culled in time to avoid soil compaction. There are many methods for controlling weeds by weeding, such as seed selection, crop rotation, crop rotation, rational farming, artificial weeding, mechanical tillage and weed control, and chemical weeding. Chemical weeding has the advantages of labor saving, high efficiency, and increased production. However, it should be noted that in recent years, the use of herbicides by various countries in the world has been controversial, especially in the standardized production of Chinese herbal medicines, herbicides are not recommended. Many kinds of roots or perennial Chinese herbal medicines are used to cultivate soil. When weeding and weeding, soil should be cultivated in order to avoid root exposure, improve drought resistance, enhance support ability, prevent lodging, protect bud heads, and promote rooting. Fertilizer Principles of fertilization should be based on organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers should be used to a limited extent. In general, organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer are the main soils, but more nitrogenous fertilizer should be applied to red soil, brick red soil and some eroded soils. Potassium fertilizer should be applied properly on sandy loam soil. In the clay soil, the amount of each fertilizer may be slightly larger, and the amount of topdressing on the sandy loam soil is smaller and more frequently. Insoluble phosphate fertilizers can be applied on acid soils, and phosphate rock powders should not be applied on calcareous soils. In general, grass-based Chinese herbal medicines are mainly applied with nitrogen fertilizer. Seed-type Chinese herbal medicines require more potassium fertilizer. For weak seedlings, nitrogenous fertilizers are mainly used, but for overgrown seedlings, appropriate potassium fertilizers may be added. Heavy rains in the summer can cause a large amount of nitrate-nitrogen in the soil to be lost. Immediately after the rain, topdressing nitrogen fertilizer should be applied. The effect is better than that before the rain. Fertilization method basal fertilizer is best applied in layers. For Chinese herbal medicines that require more fat and high biological yield, most of the fertilizers should be applied to the field in the form of basal fertilizers. Only a small amount of topdressing is required. Top dressing is a supplement to the base fertilizer to meet the needs of various nutrient types and quantities during various growth stages. After the topdressing is carried out except for the fixed seedlings, it is generally carried out before germination, before flower bud emergence, after fruit harvest, and before dormancy. Basal fertilizers should avoid direct contact with seeds (including vegetative propagation materials) to avoid fertilizer damage. Fertilizers are more commonly used for topdressing, but perennial organic Chinese herbs should be top-fertilized organic fertilizers. Irrigation and drainage Irrigation Principle In the seedling stage, irrigation water should always be used to control the water supply in order to promote the roots to lower the seedlings and cultivate strong seedlings. After the plants are sealed, the water consumption will increase and the water shortage will not increase. Water requirements are more stringent, too often cause flowering, too little affect pollination; flower buds before and during differentiation and fruiting period in the case of no fruit drop, the soil may be appropriate for some moisture; close irrigation should stop irrigation. Different soil texture and structure, soil water absorption and water retention performance are also different, so the amount of irrigation, frequency and irrigation time should be based on the soil texture and structure to consider. Irrigation methods include furrow irrigation, flood irrigation, drip irrigation, irrigation, and the like. Irrespective of which irrigation method is used, the appropriate amount of irrigation must be determined according to climate, soil, and plant growth conditions during irrigation. Pay attention to washing salt in the saline area and to prevent returning alkali; pay attention to water conservation in the leaking area, and fertilize water is preferred. During the growing period of Chinese herbal medicines, irrigation should pay attention so that water temperature, ground temperature, plant body temperature and temperature are as consistent as possible. Root medicine, it is forbidden to over-irrigation or flood irrigation. Drainage and drainage can improve soil ventilation, strengthen the role of aerobic microorganisms in the soil, promote the mineralization of plant residues, and avoid damage in summer. Visor and frame Shade Because of the different reactions of various Chinese herbs to light, the transparency of the shed is not the same. Therefore, the transparency in the shed must be adjusted according to the type of plant and each growth and development period. As for the height and direction of the awning, it should be based on the terrain, climate and plant growth habits. In addition to the shade of the scaffolding, three-dimensional planting methods such as intercropping, mixed cultivation, and undergrowth cultivation can also be used to create a favorable growth environment for the Xiyin Chinese medicinal materials. Stretching, winding, vines and creeping Chinese herbal medicines, when grown to a certain height, due to stems can not stand upright, often need to scaffold, so that the growth of the branches evenly distributed, the air circulation between the plants, reducing the occurrence of pests and diseases. Smaller Chinese herbal medicines of plant type only need to be planted as pillars next to the plant; in the case of Chinese herbal medicines with larger plant type, scaffolds or firm supports should be placed to allow the growth of the plant body on the rack. The scaffolding must be timely, and the scaffolding must begin when the plants cannot stand upright. Sorghum, corn and other high-stem crops can also be used as scaffolds in this type of Chinese medicinal plant cultivation site.
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