The knowledge of nutrition that farmers should master
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Farmers' own preparation of feed can not only make full use of local feed resources and effectively reduce the cost of feeding. When feeding local livestock and poultry breeds, they also have better adaptability, can make meat and eggs more flavor, and satisfy consumers' pursuit of green, The pursuit of natural fashion demand can better occupy a consumer market. However, in the specific operations, many farmers lack the technology and equipment for feed distribution. Self-proportioned feeds tend to have unbalanced nutrition, and the aquaculture benefits are not ideal. To this end, the author summarizes the 10 tactics that need to be mastered for self-provisioned feeds. The following introductions are presented here, hoping to provide assistance to the majority of farmers.
1 energy unit
In the nutrient requirement scale, digestive energy (DE) is a unit of energy suitable for pigs, metabolic energy (ME) is suitable for poultry, and net energy (NE) is applied to cattle. The energy unit used in the past is kcal (KC), which has been changed to MJ or KJ. The conversion relationship is: 1 kcal = 4.184 kJ (KJ); 1 megajoule ( MJ) = 1000 kJ (KJ)
2 components that need to be adjusted
The nutrients that need to be adjusted mainly include four major items: energy, crude protein, amino acids, and minerals (mainly including salt, calcium, phosphorus, etc.).
3 amino acids that need priority
According to the importance of amino acid ranking, the priority of hair-producing livestock is: cystine, cysteine, methionine; rabbit: methionine, cystine, lysine; pig: lysine, methionine, color Families; Poultry: Lysine, Methionine, Tryptophan, Threonine, Cystine.
4 Adjust amino acids according to feed characteristics
The lack of lysine and arginine in corn, but more methionine; more lysine in soybean cake, but the lack of methionine; lysine in cottonseed cake, which is significantly higher than methionine, tryptophan and soybean meal; Fishmeal contains many amino acids, especially lysine is very rich.
5 Pay attention to essential fatty acids
The three fatty acids must be supplied by feed: 18 carbondienoic acid (linoleic acid), 18 carbonic acid (linolenic acid), 20 carbonic acid (arachidonic acid).
6 Add vitamins
Livestock and poultry do not generally need to be supplemented with fat-soluble vitamins (including A, D, E, and K). However, VE has the function of replacing selenium. In selenium-deficient areas, appropriate amounts of VE can be added to livestock and poultry feed. For pigs and poultry, VB must be added to the feed, including VB1, VB2, VB6, VB12 and biotin, pantothenic acid, niacin, choline, inositol, and folic acid.
7 The amount of minerals is appropriate
Although the amount of minerals is not much, but it is much higher than vitamins, therefore, there should be room for adjustment in the formula. Pigs and chickens are more sensitive to salt, the general amount is 0.4%, the standard dosage is 0.37%. High-grade laying hens have high requirements for calcium, which can reach 8%. To meet the needs of calcium, they cannot be added in feed because such a large amount of calcium affects the nutritional balance of feed and the feed intake of chickens. It can be used separately. The feeding trough is made up exclusively of crushed shells and broken bones can also be used. Rabbits are better tolerant to calcium, but not to high phosphorus, should control the phosphorus content.
8 Add animal protein
Blood meal and feather meal are good animal protein feeds. The fishmeal is better, but the price is higher, the amount should not exceed 5%, generally 1% to 2%. The amount of cottonseed cake should not be more than 5% to prevent poisoning caused by accumulation of gossypol. Silkworm cocoons should be fully utilized in the silkworm producing areas, and freshwater fish and shrimps can be fully utilized in rivers and lakes. Insects and maggots contain antibacterial peptides and chitin, which can not only improve the disease resistance of chickens, but also prevent the damage of E. coli and Aspergillus. It can also make the color of eggs deeper, cholesterol lower, and the quality of eggs improved.
9 Rational use of local resources
Powder residue has high water content, contains more crude fiber, and should be dried after being used in a certain proportion. Bean curd residue contains anti-trypsin, which affects the absorption of protein by livestock and should be used after cooking. Sorghum contains more tannins, and it is generally not more than 10% to control the dosage. Too much dosage can cause constipation. Sweet potato starch contains more starch, pigs, poultry raw food digestibility is not high, should be cooked after cooking. The loquat leaves contain vitamins and proteins, and can be dried and ground. The pigs and poultry are fed into the feed at a dosage of about 2%.
10 Carefully selected antimicrobial agents
The antibiotics approved for use in feeds in China include bacitracin zinc, enramycin, virginiamycin, and tylosin (the imported product is called tylosin phosphate). Farmers can choose appropriate antibacterial Chinese herbal medicines such as honeysuckle, wild chrysanthemum, dandelion, Houttuynia, violacea, herb, turmeric, garlic, and onion leaves as additives according to the distribution of local Chinese herbal medicines.
Editor's Note:
Personally think that the nutrition of the pig is very important, and the full-price balanced diet preparation is a technical activity. It is worth studying hard. If you have any experience to tell everyone or want to communicate with the author, please click here.