Apple trees often have rot. As the roots are buried in the soil, early infections and illnesses are light, they have not been found or have not been diagnosed correctly and have not been able to treat the disease. However, the tree growth is weak, the yield and quality are reduced, and the plant death is even more serious. Destroyed once. First, the main diseases causing root rot 1, Apple root rot. Major hazards to the neck and main root. From March to November, the onset of disease was from June to September, and the disease minister had a fruiting body from July to November. The pathogen's disease invades from the wound of the root or root and neck, spreads to the root neck, develops rapidly, and expands up and down the main trunk and the main root. After circumcision and cutting off all the transmitted tissues, the diseased plant completely dies. There is a layer of white to pale yellow umbrella-like mycelium between the cortex and the cortex and xylem of the affected area. In the high temperature and rainy season, the root and neck disease often clustered with honey-yellow mushroom-shaped fruit bodies. The germs are rotted with mycelium and mycelial bacteria on the diseased tissue in the soil, and spread with mycelial growth. Invaded the roots and mycelia, penetrated the cortical tissue, and caused large chunks of the cortical layer to die. 2, apple white leeches. Mainly in the root and neck, it is also known as the base rot. From April to October onset, July to September is the peak period of onset. In the initial stage, white mycelium was formed on the surface, and the epidermis was spotted with brown spots. During the prosperous period, the silky white mycelium layer covers the root neck, resulting in the name of white peony disease. After the cortex of the root rots, it has a distiller's smell and overflows brown juice. Under humid conditions, the mycelial layer can spread to the ground around the diseased part, and produce many tan-colored or tea-brown oily granular sclerotia in the diseased part or near the surface seam. At this time, the plant's ground has gradually withered and died. 3, apple white grain feather disease. From March to October, the onset of disease was from June to August. In the early stages, fine rhizomes were rotten, which then spread to lateral and primary roots. The surface of the diseased root was covered with a white or gray-white wire mesh. The late rotten tissue completely disappeared. The outer cork layer was sheathed under the xylem, and sometimes black round sclerotia were formed in the xylem of the diseased part. On the ground near the soil surface, grayish-white or gray-brown, thin velvet fabrics appear in the rhizosphere, sometimes forming small black spots, which are the ascospora shells of pathogens. 4, Apple purple feather disease. It can develop throughout the growing season, but it has the highest incidence in July-August. At the time of onset, first the roots of the fibrous roots are susceptible and gradually spread to the lateral roots and the main roots. The surface of the diseased area is surrounded by many loose purple velvet-like materials, namely mycelium and mycelium, which resemble feathers. Therefore, it is named and can extend to the soil outside the roots. The sclerotia of mauve hemispherical granules are produced at the root of the late stage disease. The upper part of the disease tree grows weaker, the leaves become smaller, the leaf color fades, and the whole plant withered and died. Hedgehog is the host of this disease. 5, mink rotten root. After the accumulation of water in a low-lying orchard, the lack of oxygen in the rhizosphere caused the roots to suffocate and cause rot. The leaves at the base of the initial branches turned yellow and fell off, and gradually developed upwards. The non-shedding leaves turned yellow and the leaf margins were charred, and the fruits sloughed off or stopped. The root and neck lenticels expanded asphyxiated. The longest waterlogging or debilitating tree, the tree with too many results, the weakest resistance, the most prone to rot and the most serious occurrence of rot. Second, the incidence of conditions and control methods These kinds of rot, are the growing period of excessive rainfall, excessive water in the soil, poor drainage, soil compaction, organic matter is less, acidic and slightly acidic soil orchard occurs the most serious, planting too deep or The soil is too thick, and the soil pests, such as damage or earthworms, bite the roots during farming, and are prone to develop and aggravate the degree of disease. The main methods of prevention and control are: 1. Strengthen cultivation management and create unfavorable conditions (1) Do a good job of drainage. Before the onset of the rainy season, dig out the drainage ditch, promptly remove accumulated water and excess water, reduce groundwater level and soil moisture content, and avoid flooding. (2) Rotary garden fertilization. In the September-October period after fruit-picking, the deep-rooted orchard was re-used for basal fertilization. Fertilizers used multiple elements and contained more organic manure and green manure. The soil with poor compaction was improved into loose and fertile soil as soon as possible, thereby improving the rhizosphere. Soil water, gas and heat. Create good growth conditions for the root system. (3) Increase lime. Acidic orchard in the soil, in the growing season, combined with cultivator weeding, adding appropriate amount of lime, the pH value is adjusted to 6.5 or more, in order to improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, creating an environment that is not conducive to the occurrence of the aforementioned diseases. (4) Reasonable load. Too many flowers and trees need to do sparse fruit thinning and careful cultivation, to protect the roots and root neck from less damage, in order to reduce the pathogenic access and enhance disease resistance. No hedgehogs are planted around the orchard, and the planted species should be removed. 2, timely treatment of diseased plants to prevent the spread of the disease. (1) Ditching blockade. When the initial diseased plant or diseased plant is few, immediately open a ditch under the drip line around the diseased plant, and pour 5 Baume degree lime sulfur to prevent the root from contacting the roots of nearby fruit trees to prevent the disease from spreading. (2) Sterilization. Carried out the tree disk soil examination, the incidence of heavy, saw the roots completely rot, scraping the diseased rot of the cortex and wood, burned concentrated burning. After scraping the diseased area and the surrounding soil, pour 5 bourmeite lime sulfur mixture, dry it and apply 2-4 times of cibiqing to the diseased part to disinfect and treat it; if it is during the rainy season, it should be taken as an opportunity to air dry for 15-20 days. , and then covered with disease-free soil reduction. (3) by changing the root. After the large roots are rotted, after the roots are disinfected, three roots with well-developed rootstocks are planted along the stems of the trunk. When they survive, they are connected to the main trunk by means of "connections". The rootstock of the new rootstock is used instead of the rootstock. Functionality to save dying plants and promote restoration of tree vigor. (4) timely fertilizer. The trees with large roots and rot, in the disease period, due to the serious impact on the absorption, transportation, and exchange of nutrients, resulting in insufficient nutrient of the tree, after the above treatment, 300 times of compound fertilizer solution should be sprayed one time. And when the new root grows, topdressing one-time decomposed human feces and urine water and appropriate amount of superphosphate to supplement nutrients and promote new root growth. These diseases also harm fruit trees such as pears, peaches, plums, cherries, and chestnuts. The onset, symptoms, and regularity of the disease are similar to those of apples, and can be controlled by the same method. An orchard with a large number of underground pests, such as earthworms, should be poisoned and killed in the soil during the occurrence period. Alternatively, it should be irrigated with 2.5% deltamethrin 1000 times. (Source: Fruit Tree Technology and Information)
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