Resistance genes in ancient tomatoes

Tomato is a popular fruit. Dutch researcher Marco Kruijt discovered that two resistance genes may exist in ancient tomato species (before evolution into modern tomato species). Plant pathologists have also found these two genes in a number of wild tomato species that make plants resistant to a fungus. C. fulvum is a fungal infection that occurs most frequently in tomatoes, and tomato resistance to this fungus is due to the Cf resistance gene family. The wild tomato species contains multiple resistance genes for this fungus. It is worth mentioning that the Cf-9 gene from wild tomato is often used in the improvement of tomato varieties. It is known that each Cf resistance gene can recognize different fungal products, and that this recognition in tomato leaves can cause the death of plant cells around the fungus. Kruijt studied the evolution of these genes in wild tomato. He wanted to prove that some Cf resistance genes may already exist in ancient tomato species. It is very likely that the fungus C. fulvum is already a pathogen of ancient tomatoes, and the resistance genes Cf-4 and Cf-9 have been preserved in many modern wild tomato species. The researchers found that wild tomato species contain three resistance genes that recognize the same fungal factor. The researchers speculated that these three genes may be the result of DNA fragmentation. Kruijt also demonstrated that DNA exchange between different Cf genes led to the production of new Cf resistance genes. These findings are a progress in the study of tomato evolution. Moreover, these new information may promote the improvement of tomato varieties.

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