Silver beans cultivation techniques
(A) spring cultivation 1, nursery: In order to extend the appropriate growth period of silver beans, increase production, at the same time when the selection of good seeds, often about a month before the frost (ie early March), the use of protected areas for mulching. Specific practices: (1) Selecting good seeds: Generally, the farmer species are selected, leaving the seeds full of disease-free seeds in autumn. The amount of mu is 4 kg. (2) Small arch shelter nursery: Seedbed should choose to shelter from the sun, drain well, the front of the non-legume crop field, fine soil preparation, full base fertilizer, covered with fire mud ash, and then sowing. It is also possible to use a 6-10 cm diameter nutrient bowl to grow a large oyster hopper, and to use ash as a cultivating soil, put 3-4 grains in each pot. After sowing, it was properly watered to keep the bed moist, and finally covered with a small plastic shed. (3) Seedbed Management: Seeding can take about 5-6 days. After emergence, in the sunny and warm day, the seedlings are removed from the film to allow the seedlings to receive more sunlight; when the true leaves are grown, they must be prevented from being prolonged; the plastic film is not covered at night for 2-3 days prior to planting to exercise the seedlings. Seedlings are generally not fertilized. Watering is based on the dryness of the bed soil. If bed soil is found to be "white", the bed soil is poured out in a sunny day at noon. 2. Site preparation: The land should be selected in a well-drained field and plowed in time. In particular, the coated soil is more viscous, and it is preferred to select a sunny day, plow till it is white, and improve the aggregate structure of the soil 5-7 days before planting. Applying basal fertilizer when plowing, generally 800-1000 kilograms of fertilizer per acre, 15 kilograms of urea, and 20 kilograms of superphosphate. If mulching is used for cultivation, base fertilizer should be appropriately reduced. Before the planting, grab the sunny soil preparation (or cover the mulch). The rake height should be 30 cm or more. If it is cultivated on the ground, the depth of the ditch should be 50-70 cm to prevent salt return. 3, planting: planting period in late March - early April after the end of the frost period, the first open hole, in the bottom hole Mushi 20-25 kg of superphosphate or 30-50 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, covered with fire mud ash Point fertilizer. When transplanting, the seedlings should be transplanted with soil. When planting, the seedlings should be sealed with fire-mud ash. Generally about 500 kilograms of mud and ash are used for mu. After the planting, the weather was sunny and the roots were diluted with mild faecal water or 0.3-1% urea to promote early-onset seedling growth. Silver beans can not be planted too dense, generally 45-50100-130 cm spacing, acres colonization 1400-1600 points, 3-4 per hole is appropriate. Coated with 1000-1100 hole planting acres, 2-3 plants per hole is appropriate. 4. Field management (1) Cultivated and weeded: If no mulching is used, weeding and loosening should be carried out 2-3 times after the planting of a living plant. The previous loose soil should be combined with earth. (2) The introduction of vines on the shelves: When the bean pods are about 50 cm long and the top end is curved and twisted, the vines must be framed and raised more than 2 meters high. Insert 30 cm or more at 6-10 cm. (3) Appropriate top-dressing and fruiting and promoting fruits: Due to the under-developed nodule of silver beans, the top dressing should be applied in the seedling stage, the bud stage and the flowering stage as appropriate, with nitrogen fertilizer as the main component, combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. After planting, topdressing once every 7-8 days, each time using 1.5-2% urea home with the same concentration of superphosphate mixture 300-500 kg, a total of 2-3 times. At the beginning of the scarring, urea was increased by 5-10 kg per acre. Vegetable growers often use extra-root fertilizer in the early stage of silver bean flowering. Generally, they are sprayed with a mixture of “0.5% urea+0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+5PPM anti-dropping agent†to prevent flowering, increase scab rate, and promote grain filling. The role. (4) Resistance to high temperatures: Silver beans are tolerant to drought, but they can cause flowering under high temperature conditions. (5) Timely topping: When bean pods extend out of the top of the rack, they must be topped up in time to control vegetative growth, promote nutrient transfer to the fruit pods, and increase the rate of scab and seed plumpness. 5. Pest Control: The major pests and diseases of silver beans are: locusts, red spider mites, bean pods, root rot, and virus diseases. When the plants are found to be harmed, they should be prevented and treated in time. 6, timely harvest: Silver beans 70 days after colonization (about mid-to-late June) can harvest the first batch of fruit. When fresh beans are harvested, when the pods are sufficiently enlarged, the pods are slightly yellowed and picked up. The full fruit period is picked once every 1-2 days, and other periods are determined by harvesting and harvesting, until the middle or end of July, about 40 days after the picking period, collecting dry beans, subject to the full maturity of the seeds. Received. In the summer, about 500-600 kg/mu is harvested. (b) The entire growth period of regenerated cultivated silver beans requires a frost-free period of 235 days. In Wenzhou, it can be suitable for growth from late March to early December. However, in the high-temperature season in August, flowering phenomenon often occurs and knots are reduced, which reduces production. In the middle and late July, after the summer soybean meal picking period is basically over, taking into account the characteristics of the silver bean stems and leaves can normally grow under high temperature conditions, the use of the expanded root absorption and strong drought resistance after spring cultivation, To increase the yield of autumn beans, growers usually use vine cutting methods to promote plant regeneration. The technical points are as follows: 1. Cutting the vines at a proper time: After the summer pod picking is basically completed, depending on the growth potential of the plants, the upper vines of the plants are cut off, leaving 0.3-0.5 meters of base stalks, and pressing it down to properly cultivate the soil. The plants grow well and stay low, otherwise they stay higher. 2, chase application of vinegar: topdressing urea 10-13 kg / mu. Potassium sulfate 5 kg/mu. Also apply 2-3 times of flowering and fertilizer, each time using 5-8 kg of urea or 500-700 kg of human waste. 3. Strengthen management: Do a good job of cultivating weeds and arranging vines, and timely prevent and control pests and diseases. In early September (before and after the white dew), the mixture of 600-fold dipterex and 1000-fold Dimethoate was sprayed 1-2 times to prevent the occurrence of leguminosae and aphids. 4. Timely harvest and increase of commodity rate: The harvest period of reconstituted beans is mid-September, and it is basically completed in late November. The duration lasts for more than 80 days. The output of Nenxia in autumn is about 500 kg/mu. China Agricultural Network Editor